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LEGENDS OF THE OPERATIONS 



ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 



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LEGENDS OF THE OPERATIONS 






OF THE 



ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 



Blilli. (iEN. UOBEirr ANDERSON'S OPErailONS IN KENTUCKY. 

In the opening period of the war of the llebellion, the State of Kentucky deehired lier uentrahty. 
During the spring ;ind smnnier of ISGl, camps of rendezvous and instruction wci-e organized at various 
points within her borders, and troops enrolled in the army of the United States. Ou the 15th of 
August, ISGl, the Department of the Cumberland was constituted, embracing the States of Kentucky 
and Tennessee, per General Orders No. 57, War Department, and Brigadier General Robert Anderson 
was assigned to the command. Early in the month of Sc])teniber, tlio rebel General, Leonidas Polk, 
invaded Kentucky with a large force and seized Columbus, strongly fortifying his position. To resist 
the rebel invasion, tlie legislature of the State, by resolution on the l2th of Septemlier, recpiested 
Bi-ig. Gen. Robert Anderson, of the United States Army, to enter upon the active discharge of his 
duties as commander of the deiiartincnt. On tlie 15tli, Brig. Gen. Geo. II. Thomas assumed com- 
mand of Camp Dick Roliinson, rcliexing Lieut. AVilLiam Nelson, of the United States Navy, M'ho had 
for some time superintended the enlistment and organization of troops at that camp; subsequently. 
Lieutenant Nelson was appointed to the rank of Brig. General and assigned to duty at Maysville, with 
instructions to organize a force to operate in Eastern Kentuck}'. 

About this time. General Buckner invaded the State at tlie liead of a strong rel)el force and occu- 
pied Bowling Green. Advancing from thence, he took position at Muldraugh's Hill, on the niglit of 
tlie ITtli, strongly threatening Louisville. Gathering together the few availaljle troops at his command, 
including Colonel Rousseau's i-oimiiand, and a body of Home Guards, under Lt. Col. R. W. Johnson, 
General Anderson sent them tbrwuivl, under Bridgadier General W. T. Sherman, to Lebanon Junction, 
checking the further advance of tiie enemy. Being re-enforced liy a few i-egiments. General Slierman 
advanced to Ehzabethtown, Buckner retiring before him without resistance. General Sherman tlien 
placed his troops in position on Muldraugh's Hill, Buckner falling liack to Bowling Green with his 
main force, where he intrenched jiimself, leaving guards at intervals along the line of the railroad. 
On tlie 21st, General Anderson, by proclamation, called the people of the State to arms in defense of 
tlie government; and General T. L. Crittenden ordered tlie State troops to rendezvous at Louisville, 
The enlistment and organization of troops M-as pushed forward with vigor. On the 21:tli, General 
Anderson officially assmned connnand of the Department, per Gcnei'al Orders, No. 1. 

(Jn tlie Sth of October, owing to continued ill iiualth, Ih-ig. (tch. R. Anderson was relieved in 
tlie- connnand of tlie Deiuirtnient of the Cuml)erland, and Brig. Gen. W. T. Sherman appointed to 
succeed him. 



4 LEGKNU.s or Tin: OI-KBA'nOX.S OK 

i;iM(i. (ii:\. w . T, siiKiv'M.ws nri:i;.\Tit).\s i\ ki:\ti ckv. 

On tliu Stli (lay of (Jctolier, ISCl, Geiieriil W. T. Slurnian iissumod cuminaml of the Dopsirt- 
iiiiiit of the CiuiiIiitLukI, witli headiiuarters at Louisville, Ky., lcaviji<; l^'iy- treii. L. II. Rons.-ieaii in 
coiiuiiiiiiil at MiiMraiigh's Hill. Brij;. Gen. T. L. Crittemlen was ordered to proceed to O\vensl">ro, 
Ky., and take eoniniand of the Unitc.-d States forces being orfranized in that rjiiarter, niul in the vicinity 
of Henderson. Bri;;. Gen. L. II. llousseau moved forward fnjia Camp Miildraugh, to the vicinity of 
Kolin. On the 12th, lirii:. Gen. A. Mel). McCook was assigned to the command of all troops in 
the vicinity of Nolin. 

Having c(»nipleted the organization of tiic First Brigade, Army of the Cumitcrhind, General 
Tlioniius sent forward Brig. Gen. A. Schoepf, with three regiments from Camp Dick Ilohinson, to liock 
Ca-stle Hills. On the 21st, General Schoepf was attacked l>y a consideral)le hody of the enemy, under 
General Zollicofl'cr, who was hadly repulsed. On the 2Sth, General Thomas moved forward with the 
rest of his brigade, and estahhshed his head<juarters at Crab Urchard. 

In the meantime, General Nelson had advanced from Maysvillc to ()lymi>ian Springs where he 
met re-enforcemcnts from Paris, Ky. Moving thence to McCormack's Gaj), lie divitlcd his connuand. 
Bending CoU>nel Harris with a small force to "West Liiierty, wliile he advanced with the main force, 
consistijig of three regiments of iufsintry, two battalions, and a small force of cavidry, on Hjizle Green. 
Both places were occupied on the 2od, Colonel Harris meeting with slight resistance. Moving 
forward his forces from Hazlc Green and West Liberty, General Nelson united hiseotuinand at Licking 
Station, from whence he advanced on Prestonburg, occu]»ying the place on the 5th of November. On 
the 7th, he sent a force, under Colonel Sill, up John's Creek, to advance on Pikeville from the left, 
moving forward in person the ne.\t day, with the main force, on the direct State road ; some sharp 
skirmishing was had in fLscending the mountain side, resulting in the rout of the enemy. Colonel Sill 
occupied Pikeville on the 'Jtli, General Nelson arriving tlie next day. 

Brig. Gen. Crittenden established his headipiartcrs at CaUioun, Ivy., where he organized the Fifth 
Division. 

Feeling that the force assigned him was greatly inade<juate to the magnitude of the occasion — 
holding the great line of the center, on which the hosts of the rebclhon could rapidly coiu-cntrate as 
the fortimes of war should afford opjiortuuity — General Shennan gave in his estimate to the War 
Department, that to advance on the line of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad would require an 
army of at least fifty thousand men, and to advance the great line of the centre to its ultimate olyective, 
and reap the legitimate rewards, would re(juire an army of two hundred thou.-and men. Tliis estimate 
being construed to his prejudice he asked to be relieved from liis charge. On the 2!»th of Novemlier 
the Department of the Cnnd)erland was discontiimcd, i)er Genend orders. No. 1)7, Wai- Department, 
and in its stead the Dei)artment of the Ohio Wijs constituted, embra(;ing the States of Ohio, Michigan, 
Indiana, Kentucky, east of the Ciuni)erland Kivcr, and Tennessee, ami Brig. Gen. D. C. Biiell wsis 
assigned to the command, General Slierm;in rcnuiining in connuand until jiis arrival. On the 15th 
General Shennan relimjuishcd the connuand to General Buell. 



.M.\.l(li: (iEXEK.AL 1). C. BUJ-IJ/S (WMIMiliN. 

( >ii llic IMh d;iy of Noveiiibcr, I Mil , the designation of tlie Army of the Cimilicrlaml was changed 
lo llie Army ol' liie Ohio, and Jirig. Cien. I). C Buell was appointed to tlie command. On the 17th, 
he directetl (ieneral Thomas to withdraw his command from Crab Orchard, leaving Acting Brig. (ien. 
Carter's brigade temporarily at London. Suliseipienlly the order was modified to include Carter's 
brigade in the retrograde movement, but iiefore the movement was fully executed the oriler was 



Tin: ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. O 

revoked, and the brigiidc i-cmaiiicd at London. AVlien General Thoinas arri\ed at Danville, General 
Selioepf, with the advance, having reached Lebanon, it was ascertained that the rebel General ZoUieotler'.s 
command and other troops, all mider the rebel General Crittenden, had taiven position at Monticello, 
Ky., with his advance thrown forward to the Cimiberland liiver, tlireatening Colonel Ilosldn's position 
near Somerset, Ky. General Schoepf was ordered to Somerset to re-entbrco Colonel Hoskins. 
Advancing from MonticeUo to Mill Springs, the enemy, nnder the rebel General Crittenden, crossed 
the Cumberland Kiver at that point, and entrenched himself on the noi'th side. On tlie23d. Brig. Gen. 
O. M. Mitchell was appointed to the conunand of Camp Jenkins, near Lonis\ille. On the 2d of 
December the following division oi-ganizations were announced: First Division, Brig. Gen. Geo. II. 
Thomas, commanding; Second Division, Brig. Gen. A. McD. M(-Cook, conunanding ; Third Division, 
Brig. Gen. O. M. Mitchell, counnanding; Fourth Division, Brig. Gen. Wm. Nelson, commanding ; 
Fifth Division, Brig. Gen. 'J\ L. Crittenden, conunanding. 

Leaving a small guard o\'i'r tlic bridge at Noliu, (ieiieral ilcCook advanced his division on the 7th 
to Bacon Creek, sen<ling tbi-\vanl General Johnson's briga<le to Munfordsville. General Mitchell 
assumed command of his di\isioii al Elizaliethtown on tlie lltli, an<l on the 16th advanced to Bacon 
Creek, relieving General McCook, who advanced with his division to Green River, posting a detachment 
of Colonel Willich's regiment on the south bank. During the afternoon a superior force of the enemy 
assailed the detachment on the south liank of the river, which was re-enforced by the remainder of the 
regiment, when the rebids \\-ere repulsed. General Nelson, liaving returned from Eastern Iventui-ky, 
had advanced with his division ami taken position at Camp "Wickhtf, twelve miles from Xew Haven, 
on t!ie Glasgow Turnpike. 

On the 31st, General Tlioirias started from Lebanon, moving via Columbia, to attack the enemy, 
under the rebel General Crittenden, at Beech Grove. Owing to heavy rains, he did not succeed in 
reaching Logan's Cross IJoads with liis advance until tlic 17th. Aniving there, he halted for the troops 
in the rear to get \ip, and to open conununication with General Schoepf. 

BATTLE OF MILL SPRINGS. 

On the night of the ISth of Jamiary, 18^2, the enemy niuler Crittenden moved out of his camp 
at Beech Grove, and on the morning of the 19th attacked General Thomas' advance at Logan's Cross 
Roads. A sharp engagement ensued, residting in the rout of the enemy who retreated to his intrenched 
camp at Beech Grove, to which point he was piu-sued by General Thomas, who formed his division, and 
by 5 p. m. opened with his artillety on the enemy's works. Preparations were then made to assault 
the enemy's works on the following morning, but he retired across the river during the night, abandoning 
his artillery, (twelve pieces,) transportation, numitions, and stores. Pursuit was contiiuied south of tiie 
river by General Sclioe[>f as tar as Monticello. Five regiments of General Thomas's division did not get 
up in time to take part in tlie CTigagement on the 19th. The enemy's force consisted of two brigades, 
of four regiments of infantry and one battery each, two battalions of cavalry, aiul several independent 
companies. 

General Thomas lost: killed, ;'>9; wounded, 207; aggregate, 24C) 

Rebel loss as far as known: killed, 192; wounded and left on tlie tield, 08; captured, 89; 
aggregate as far as known, 31:9. 

C 01 amandin (J \st Dlchlun Ariny of the Ohio — Brig. Gen. Geo. II. Tuomas. 

Commcmd'ing Br'xjades. — Brig. Gen. A. Schoepf;* CoIotkI M. D. Manson;t Colonel L. R. Mc- 
Cook;! Brig. Gen. S. P. Carter. J 

* General Sclioepf's brigade did not get up in time to take part in tlie engagement. 

t Only two companies each of Colonel Manaon's and McCook'e brigades got up in time to take part in tlie eugagenieut. Colonel 
McCook was wounded. 

t General Carter's brigade got up during the action and assisted in repulsing the enemy. 



6 LKCESDS OK Till: OI'KK ATIO.VS OK 

Voininun(linfj Jidui Juncin^^iij. (ilmi. (ieo. CKiriKNnKM. 

CitiiiiniinJuiij llriijiulcx. — JJrii,'. Gi-n. V. K. Zollieottur;* Bri^. (tih. W. H.ChitoU;* Culoiicl 
liniiiL-r; Culonul AlcClellaii. 

< >ii tlic 2;{tl (iciicnil TlioiiKLs |ii>i^tcil liis cuiiiinanil at Si.iiKTsot. 

'J'lii- rt'lti'I (ii'iiorul lliiiri|ilin'v Mart-liall, having; iiiva>liil Eastern Kfiituckv with a larj^o force, 
iiitremliiiii,' liiriisi'lfoii tin- PuiiitvilU- and I'rcstiinliiirg road, three miles aliove I'aiiitville, (reiieral I'liell 
orj;aiiized llie Eighteentli I'ritrade, and on thi; 17th of Decenilier, 18<>1, assiiriied (Jolonel J. A. Gartiehl 
to the coniinand, ilirectini; liiin to euneentrate liis troops in tlie valley of the I'.if: Sandy, and operate 
against the enemy. Concentratinji a j>ortion of his forees at Catlettslmrj,', Colonel Garlield advanced 
n|i the valley <>f the V>\<^ Sandy, and, i)assinir thnjUf^h Louisa, reached the nioutii of Gcorjre's Creek on 
the '_'.")th. Advancini,' np Geori,'e's Creek eii;ht miles, he moved over I'rown's Hill to the forks of Tom's 
Creek, and from theni-e advanceil airaiiist the enemy in three coliimim; one column, under Colonel 
]?olles, driviiif; the rehil cavalry from a stroma position at the mouth of Jennie's Creek on the 7th of 
January, 1S02, with a loss of six in killed and many wounded. Colonel EoUes's loss was tw<j killed and 
t»nc wounded. On Colonel Garfield's api)roaeh, the enemy ahandoned his eanip ahove Paintvillc and 
retreated in coTifusion, with a loss of fifteen in i)risoiiers. At I'aintville, Colonel Gartield was joined 
by Colonel Cranor with the Fortieth Ohio and Wolford's cavalry from Central Kentucky; ho havinj^ 
advanee<l via Mount Sterliii;^ ami Ilazle Green, sendin^^ a part of the cavalry hy way of AVest IJherty, 
to protect his flank. 

On the fith of January, 18<i"2, Colonel Gartield continued his a<lvance up the valley, and on the 
10th e!ico\mtered the enemy sfroiiirly intrencheil at the forks of Middle Creek. After a sharp engaj^e- 
inent the enemy was routed and driven in confusion, leavinir tweiity-tive ilead on the Held, and the next 
day sixty of his dead were fo\ind thrown into a uor^e of the hills. His aeknowled^ed loss in killed was 
one hundred and twenty-live; his wounded not known; tweiify-tive prisoners were captured. Colonel 
Garfield's loss was one killed and twenty wounded. He had nliont nine hundred actually entratred, 
while the enemy had not less than thirty-five hundred. The next nioi-ninir Lieut. Col. Letcher with 
the cavalry w;us sent in ]>ursuit of the enemy, caj>turinif a few prisoners. Colonel Garfield then took 
l>osition at Prestoiil)ur>^, from wheneo he sul)sei|uently advanced to Pikeville, the enemy withdrawing 
from Wliiteshurg to I'cjund Gap, and from then<*e disjiersintc into Virj^inia, Tennessee, and Kentucky. 

Leariiini; that a hody of rebel militia, under Major Thom]>son, held Pound Gap, Colonel Garfield 
advanced from Pikeville on the 14th of March, and on the Kith drove the (>nemy in eonfusion from the 
<^ap, completely dispeivini; him. Colonel Gai-tield then returned to PikevilK>, ami on the 24th of March 
was ordc-reil witli his lirij;ade to Louisville via the Big Samly and (Jhio Rivers. 

General Crittenden who had moved forward from Caliioun to South Cai'rolton, returned with his 
division to Calhoun about the 1st of Febi-uary, when Cidonel Cruft's brigade embarked, and |)roeeeding 
via the Green, Ohio, and Tennessee Rivers, joined General Gi-ant at Fort Henry after tJie surrender of 
that pluee. ("olonel Cruft's brigade was asr-igned to Genei'al Lew. Wallace's division, and took part in 
th<! battle of Fort Donelson, which resulted in the surrender of the enemy to General (iraiit on the 
morning of the IGtli of Fi-bruarv, lsr)'J, after three day's fighting. General Crittenden with the other 
brigade of his division marched from Calhoun to O\vensi)oro, where he eml>arked and proceeded via the 
Ohio anil Cumberland Rivers to Fort Donelson, arriving aftei' tin- surri-niler. 

While (leneral (Jrant was thus operating against the enemy. General Buell had begun to concen- 
trate his army, preparatory to advancing on the enemy's ]>o>ition at Bowling Green. Generals Thomas's 
and Wood's divisions were recalled fr(»m Somerset and Hall's (iap to Lebanon. (Jeneral Mitchell's 
division was moved forward from Bacon Creek to Cireen River, and on the 13th of February advanceil 
toward Bowling Cireen, arriving there on the 15th and taking possession of the place; the rebels having 

" Oi'iieniU ZoUiiofri'r'H mid C'urroll'H bri^'ndeR eoiiBisttMl ol four iiirantr/ ri'>(iiiii>iili) and a batti-ry each. Oonpral Zullicolfi-r was 
killi-.!. 



THE ARMY OF TIIK CIMBERLAND. 7 

evacuated it earlv in the iiiorniiic;, rctrcatino; to Nashville. General J3uell now ordered General Tliomas's 
di\nsion to Louisville, and General Nelson's division to West Point, at wliicli ])luces they respectively 
embarked and proceeded to Nashville, by way of the Ohio and Cunilierland Eivers. General Nelson 
arrived at Nashville with his division on the iiSth of Fcltruary, the rebels having evacuated the place on 
the 23d. General Buell advanced on Naslnillc via Bt)wling Green, Fraidvlin, and Tn'ee Springs with 
Generals Mitchell's, McCook's, and Wood's divisions, arriving in person at Nashville on the 20th. 
Crittenden's division came uj) by boat from Fort Donelson. 

General Buell remained at Nashville supplying and retitting liis army mitil about the middle of 
March, when he advaiiced toward Savannah on the Tennessee iliver, via Franklin, Columbia, a!id 
Waynesboro, with Generals Nelson's, Crittenden's, McCook's, Wood's, and Tliomas's divisions, directing 
General Mitchell to advance witli liis division from Nashville against tlie IMcmpliis and Charleston 
TJailroad. General Negley's l)rigade was left at Columbia. General Buell arrived ut Savannah with 
Nelson's division on the morning of the 5th of April. 

BATTLE OF riTTSBUIlG LANDING. 

IIea\y firing was heard in the threction of Pittsl)urg Landing on the morning of the fith, and 
General Buell proceeded to General Grant's headquarters at that place, and found that his army, con- 
sisting of Generals McClernand's, W. T. Sherman's, C. F. Smith's, Hurlbut's and Prentiss's divisions — 
General L. Wallace's di\'ision being at Crump's Landiiig — was being furiously assailed by the whole 
rebel army. General Nelson's division was immediately moved np to a point op])Osite Pittsburg Land- 
ing; Colonel Ammen's brigade crossed the river and assisted in repulsing the enemy's last attack on the 
evening of the Gtli. General Grant had fouglit against fearful odds, and though hard pressed, had 
thwarted the enemy's design of crushing him before General Buell could get np to liis assistance. 
After the battle of the 6tli, the remainder of Nelson's division was crossed to the south bank of the 
river, and General Crittenden's di\isioii arrived by steamers from Savannah. General McCook's division 
reached the battle field on the morning of the 7th, and General L. Wallace's division of General Grant's 
army had arrived from Crump's Landing. Early on the morning of the 7th, Generals Grant's and 
Buell's armies moved forward and attacked the enemy with great determination, pressing him back nntil 
about 5 p. m., when he commenced to retreat, retiring in good order. The great exhaustion of the 
troops, and night closing in M-ith lieaNy rain, precluded a vigorous pursuit. Both armies suffered heavily. 
Among the rebel dead Mas General A. S. Johnson, Commander-in-chief, killed on the Oth. General 
Beauregard succeeded him in command. 

FIRST DAY. 

Cuvimandiny Arriuj of the Tennendcc — Major General F. S. Grant. 

Command'mcj Divisions.— \iit Division, Maj. Gen. J. A. McClernand: 2d Division, Brig. Gen. 
C. F. Smith;* 3d Division, Maj. Gen. L. Wallace;! 4th Division, Brig. Gen. llurllnit; 5th Division, 
Brig. Gen. AV. T. Sherman; Gth Division, Brig. Gen. B. M. Prentiss. { 

SKCOND DAY. 

Commanding Army of the Tennessee— ll-Ay^^ General U. S. Graxt. 

Commanding Divisions.— Ut Division, Maj. Gen. J. A. McClernand; 2d Divisi.jn, Colonel J. M. 
Tuttle; 3d Division, Maj. Gen. L. Wallace; 4th Division, Brig. Gen. A. S. Ilurlbut; 5th Division, 
Brig. Gen. W. T. Sherman; Gth Division, al)Sorbed in other di\-isions. 

* General Smith being sick, General W. II. L. Wallace took command of the division, and was mortally wounded ; General J. 
McArthur then took command, and was also wounded, when Colonel J. M. Tuttle took command of the division, 
t General Wallace's division took no part in the first day's action, it being at and near Cnnnp's Landing. 
{ General Prentiss was taken prisoner. 



8 LKGKNDS or TlIK OPERATIONS OK 

Commandinfj Aninj of (he Ohio — Major General D. C. Bleu.. 

Ci'mm(tndi»ff Divisions. — Ist Division, J'ri^'. (ieri. G. II. Tlumias;* 2d Divi.sion, Brij;. Gen. A. 
M(l>. M<-Cook; ;{.l Divi.Moii, Urijr. Gen. U. M. Mitdiell;* 4lli Division, Uri;,'. Gen. W. Nelson; .5th 
iJivisiuM, li^i^ Gen. T. L. C'rittemlun; tjtli Division, Urij,'. Cien. T. J. Wood. 

Commanding Ii<hd Arimj — General A. S. Johnston. [Killed.] 
Suc(;eeiled by General P. G. T. 1jka.ukeo.vei). 

Commanding Corps. — Ist Corps, Maj. Gen. L. Polk; 2d Coq)s, General B. Braj^j;; 3d Coqis, 
Maj. Gen. W. J. Hardee; lle.serve, JIaj. Gen. J. C. J>rickinrid<;e. 

Commiindimj 1st Division. — Brii,'. Gen. 0. Clark ;• Brig. Gen. D. Ilnfrf^les; Brig. Gen. T. C. 
Ilindman; Colonel Trahue. 

C'liniDiindinij 2d Division. — Maj. Gen. B. F. Clieatliaiii ; Brij^. Giii. J. M. Withers; Brig. Gen. 
1*. K. ( 'liliiirne; Brig. Gen. Bowen.f 

Bending General Biiell's advance from Nashville, and tlie operations at Bittslmrg Landing, General 
(). JI. Mitchell, with the 3d Division of the Ohio, moved forward from Nasliville, ami took poss^ession 
of ^fnrfreeshoro, yiielhyvillc, and Fayetteville, Tennessee, and on the 11th of April he entered Ilunts- 
ville, Alabama, captnring engines and ears. On the 12th, Colonel Sill pushed east by rail and captured 
Stevenson, while Colonel Turchin moved west and captured Decatur and Tuscund>ia. On the 20th of 
April, General Mitchell captured Bridgeport, thus occupying all of Alabama nortli of the Tennessee 
Ivivcr. 

On the 29th of May, General Negley started with his (command from CidimiViia, Tennessee, and 
moved via Fayetteville, TuUahoma, Winchester, .and University to Jjisper, near which point he skiniiished 
with the rebel Genend Adams, routing his conunand; from Jasper, General Negley proceeded to a i>oint 
on the Tennessee Kiver opjiositc Chattanooga, arriving June 7th; considerable artillery skirmishing took 
l>la<;e during the Tth and 8tli with the enemy on the opjiositc side of the river, when General Negley 
withdrew his forces and returned vna Anderson, Therman, Altamont, Ilai-rison's Depot, and Liindey's 
Stand to Shelbyville. 

I^Ieanwhile Brig. Gen. G. W. ^rorgaii having eoncciitratt'd the 7th Division at Cundierland Ford, 
advan<-ed via Iloger's and Big Creek (4aj)s against the enemy's strongly foi-tilicd position iit Cumberland 
Gap, foning him to evacaiate the Gap on the 17th of June, and thus securing possession of that position 
of woinl.rful natiir.al strength, strongly fortified, without an engagement. 

ADVANCE ON CORINTH. 

Alter the liatlle of Pittsburg Landing, General Bea\ircgard fell back to Corinth, Mississipi)i, and 
strongly fortified his position, with hia advance well thrown forward. Maj. Gen. II. W. Ilalleck took 
connnaiid of the army in the Held before Corinth, and conducted the operations against the enemy; 
both arniii's receiving large re-enforcements. Maj. Gen. Geo. II. Thomas was transferred with his 
division to the Army of the Temiessee, and a.<signed to (he- command of the right wing, army before 
Corinth; Maj. Gen. D. C. Buell was assigned to the command of the centre, and Maj. Gen. John Pope 
to the command (»f the left wing; Maj. Gen. J. A. McClernand to the command of the reserve, and 
Brig. Gen. A. J. Smith to the connnand of the cavalry, (-rcneral Ilalleck ap]iroached the rebel position 
at Corinth by successive advances, firmly holding the grounil gained, and fortitying his positions. The 
enemy strongly resisted his encroachments, and much shar[> lighting was had, with almost constant 
skirmisliing. On the IHh of May, (Jencral Paine's division, being the advance of the left wing, was 

" OeiicmlH TIiuiiim'h niiJ Mitoliell'» iliviiiiuiiK \v«ri' not ('ii);aged, tlio first iiiiiUBil not getting up in tini», tliB last being at Iliint*- 
villi', Aliil>nnia. 
I \V,„irHl..l 



THE ARJIY OF THE CUMBEKLAND. 9 

heavily assailed at Farmiiifitoii, Mississippi, by a strono; force of the enemy; the division held its position 
for several hours, and then retired across Seven Mile Creek to Gen. Pope's main line. Gen. Ualleck 
persistently moved forward his cohnnns, and on the 28th of May, Generals Thomas, Buell, and Pope 
had pressed back the enemy to within a few hundred yards of his intrenchments surroundino; Corinth; 
Jhis line was held against all eftbrts to regain it, and the enemy finally withdrew from General llalleck's 
immediate front. Heavy guns were placed in position during the 2itth, and brought to bear on the 
enemy's position. On the morning of May 30th, 1862, Corintli was found to be evacuated, the enemy 
having retired during the niglit. Pursuit was immediately connuenccd, and the enemy's rear warmly 
pressed; many ])risoiRM-s were taken. General Pope continued the pursuit many miles. 

Cvvinumding Unitnl States /Jj/yys— Major (Jencral 11. W. Ualleck. 
Second in. Cominand — Major General U. S. Grant. . 
Army of the Tennessee — (^Commanding Riglit AVing) — Major General Geo. 11. Thomas. 

Commanding/ Divisions. — Brig. Gen. T. W. Sherman; Brig. Gen. J. A. Davis; Brig. (ien. S. H. 
ITurlbut; Brig. Gen. W. T. Sherman; Brig. Gen. J. J. McKean. 

Commandint/ Army of the CM/ci— (Centre)— Major (General I). C. Buell. 

Commanding Divisions.— Br\'^. Gen. A. McD.McCook; Brig. (tcu. W.Nelson; Brig. Gen. T. L. 
Crittenden; Brig. Gen. T. J. Wood. 

Commanding Army of the Mississij)jn—(Lvi't AYing) — Major General Jno. Pope. 
Commanding Divisions. — Brig. Gen. E. A. Paine; Brig. Gen. D. S. Stanley; Brig. Gen. S. 
Hamilton. 

Connnnnding Reserve. — Major General J. A. McCleknand. 
Commanding Divisions.— Bv'v^. Gen. II. M. Judah; JNIaj. Gen. L. Wallace. 

Commanding Cavalry. — Brigadier General A. J. Smith. 
Commanding Divisions. — Brig. Gen. G. Granger. 

The campaign being ended, General Buell moved eastward along the Memphis and Charleston 
railroad, and on the 29th of June established his headquarters at Iluntsville, Alabama, to which point 
the railroad was repaired and opened. General Thomas was placed in connnand of Corinth and vicinity. 
On the lOth of June he was relieved from connnand of the liight Wing, Army before Corinth, but 
contimied in connnand of Corintli until the 22d, when he was retransferred with his division to tlie 
Army of tlie Ohio, relieving General Wood's division along the Memi)his and Charleston Railroad. 
Aljout tlie Sth of July, General McCook's division marched from Huntsville toward Stephenson, closely 
followed by GeneTal Crittenden's division, which continued on to Battle Creek, arriving July 16th, 
where it was soon joined by Mc^Cook's division. General Wood's division started from Huntsville about 
the 10th of July, and marcJied via Fayetteville, Shelby ville, and AVinchester to Decherd, where it 
went into camp. About the 14th of July, General Nelson's division moved by rail from Athens, Ala., 
via Nashville, to Mm-freesboro, Tennessee, and marched thence to McMinnville, where it took position. 
Being relieved from the command of the railroad l)y General Morgan's division, Army of the Missis- 
sippi, General Thomas moved with his division to Huntsville, arriving there August 1st; he innnediately 

Owing to re-enforcemente, the organiz.ition of the Army of the MissiBsippi was changed on the 27th of May, as follows : 

Left Wing— Brig. Gen. Schuyler Hamilton commanding. Commanding Divisions— Brig. Gens. J. B. Plumnier and .lefl'. C. Davis. 

Eight Wing— Maj. Gen. W.'s. Rowcians commanding. Commanding Divisions— Brig. Gens. E. A. Paine and D. S. Stanley. 

Brig. Gen. A. Ashboth's division being held in reserve. 

The division commanders, otlicr than tjeiier.il Granger, are not given for want of <i;i(a. 

The organization of the Kebel army not known. 

2 



10 LEfJENiis i>y THE om:i{ati')\s of 

|>ii^iii'<l fill with Iiis division to I)i'clu'ril, wndiiii; one Itri-riule to Pclliuiii. Aiif|;iist l.'itli, lie was (em- 
jtorarily iclievod from eommaiid of liin di\•i^ioIl, mid «>nlcnil to MeMiimville to take cliartr*' of afiairs 
ill that viiiiiity, where he arrived Aiiiriist IDtli, General Seh»>ejif taking eoiiiiiiand of hiis division at 

Dc.hiT.h 

AI>oiit the let of Aiijriist General Nelson was temporarily reli'Vid from the coriimand of lii^ 
division, and direeted to proceed to Keiitiieky ami take cliariie of attiiirs in tliat State. IJaw tiVHijis 
were hastily forwarded for its defeiwe from the Northwestern States; tluse troops were assenililed at 
I^'xinjrton and or^ani/ed into a divisi(»n. In the nieantime the relicl Griieral Kirliy Smith liiid invaded 
th«' Stale with the Army of the Kast Tennessee, hy way of I'ijr Creek (»a]>, eansiiiir the evai-iiation of 
Ciimlicrland (iai> liy (iciicral Moifran, who retreated with liis division via ("iimlierland FonI, Flat Liek, 
Maiiihester, Proctor, Ilazle (ireen, AVe.-t fJlierty, and Grayson, to (irceiiiip.~liiir';h, where liis tnmps 
iTossed the river into Uhio. From 15i<; Creek (lap General Ivirbv Smith's army moved toward Rich- 
mond, Kentucky, to wliich point General Nelson had sent forward a division of infantry under CJciieral 
Mansoii to dispute his advance. On the tiOtli of Aii};;iist, the enemy arrived in the vicinity of Uich- 
inond. General ^laiisoii moved forward liis first l)ris;ade ami took pos.session of a hijrii ridj^e aiwint two 
miles from town, where he was attacked by the enemy, who after ahont an hour of severe skinnishiiifj; 
was driven hack. Genend Manson then a<lvani'ed to lloi;ersville and cneam[ied for the night. (>n the 
mornifif; of the 3(itli, General Waiison advanced and took possession of some hijrh ;:ronnd soutli of the 
town, driving hack the enemy's advance; he was soon assailed hy a largely superior force of the enemy, 
and, after holding his j>osition some three hours, his. trooi>s, which wciv all raw, fell liack in eoiisider- 
ahle eonfusion. The cavalry, with one jiieee of :u'tillery, was now thrmvn forward to cover the infantry, 
while getting into jxisition on the high ground occupied during the skirmish on the :i9tli; the enemy 
advanced in line of battle, and after an hour of bard tightiiig. General Manstm's troojis were driven 
from the field in confusion. General Nelson Inning arriveil at Kiclimon<l, took command of the broken 
forces and rallied them near that place, but the enemy in overwhelming force fell iijxui bis twice 
defeated troojis, utterly routing them. Collecting his forces, General Nelson fell Imek to Ix-xington, 
and sul>se<juently to Frankfort and Louisville. 

AVhile these oj>erations were trans]>iring in Kentucky, tlie whole front of attairs in Tennessee had 
undergone a change. On the ITtb of August, the enemy crossed three biindred chivalry and three 
thousand infantry to the north side of the Tenneesee River at Chattanooga. General Buell, believing 
this force to be the advance of General Bragg's army, tlirected (ieneral Thomas to call (general 
"Wood's division n|> to within sup|iorting distance of liiin at McMinnville. On tlie 20tli, General J'uell 
nioveil from Iluntsville toward J)echerd, arriving tbeix- on the '2'2t\. Br;igg had erossetl to the 
north side of the Tennessee River with a largo forci', and (Tcncral Thomas was dirceteil to move 
forward with the force under his command to Altamont, and there form a junction with (ieneral.s 
McCook's, Critteuden's, antl SclnK'pf's divisions which were to concentrate at Tracy City, (^n arriving 
at Altamont, General Thomas became satir.liecl that the extreme ditticnlty of en«;siiig the mountains 
with a large army, woiihl bar Bragg from making a rapid advance by that route; and as water aiiii 
forage were scarce, he returned with his command to McMinnville. On the 2t>tli, Mc'Cook's, Critten- 
den's, and Schoepfs (livisions were coiicentrateil in the vicinity of Pelham; McCook and Crittenden 
having nioveil up from Battle Creek, passing near Tracy City, while Schoeiif moved out from Ueelu'rd. 
From Pelham McCook moved out and look po.-ition at .Mfaniont. On the 28th, Colonel Grose 
encoiintere<l Forri'sl's cavalry near AVoodbury, driving il frnm the field; the next <lay Forrest attacked 
u stockade on the railroad eight miles from' McMinnville, anil was repulsed; on the ll'.th he was met 
by AVood's advance near Cleiinont Springs and pursueil to the iiiler.section of the Manchester and 
Smithfielil, and the Murfreesboro and McMinnville roads, where he was ovt-rtaken and his itnnmand 
dispersed. 

(ieneral liuell now directed the withdrawal of his army to Murfree.sboro. Genend Crittenden's 
division moved tVoin llillsboro, via Manchester and Hoover's (Jap, reaching Murfreesboro on the 2d of 



Tin: AKMY OF T}1K CrMBKin.AM). 11 

Sei)tciiibei- ; General Schoeprs divi>ioii nivxrclitd fnun Pelliiim to Ililkboro, and then followed Critten- 
den, reflcliing Murfreesboro on the 3d; Geneml McCook'.s (Hvi.-ion returned to Pelham from Altaniont, 
and then followed Schoepf, reaohing Mni-fi-eesboro on the oth. Iloover't; Gap wju^ continually oeenpied 
xuitil the last division had passed. General Thomas fell hack with Generals AVood's and Ammen's 
divisions, via Clermont Springs, "Wdodhury, and Eeadyville, reaching Slurfreeshoro on the 5th. From 
Murfree.sboro General jBuell fell back to Kaslnille, and cros.siug the Cumberland Kiver at that place, 
continued liis retreat into Kentnc]<y, with Generals McCook's, Crittenden's, Annnen's, Wood's, and 
Rousseaii''s divisions; leaving General Thomas at Nashville with his own and Generals R. B. Mitchell's, 
iS'eo-ley's. and Paine's divisions. Bragg had crossed the Cumberland Ki\-ei- at Cartilage and above, and 
was iavadiuo- Kentncky by way of Siwttsboro and Glasgow; leaving Breckinridge with a large force 
behind to invest Nashville. 

The g-arrison at ]\Iullfords^•ille, Kentncky, was attacked on the l;5th of September, by a brigade 
of the enemy's cavalry; the attack was repeated on the 1-ith and ItUh, the enemy receiving large 
re-enforc-ements; on the ITth, the garrison surrendered to General BragL'. 

On the 15th, General Thomas started with liis division from Nashville to join General Buell in 
Kentucky, having previously sent forward General B. B. Mitchell's division. On the 20th, General 
Thomas joined General Buell at Prewitt's Kaob, confronted by the enemy; considerable skirmishing 
took place, and a battle seemed innniiient, but on the 21st the enemy withdrew, and General Buell pushed 
on to Louis\ille, his advance reaching there on tlie 25th, aiul his rear division on the 29th. 

At Louisville the army wa* reorganized, and General Nelson's ]-aw troops were intermingled with 
the old troops; throe corjjs were formed, denominated the First, Second, and Third, conmiaiided 
respectively by Maj. Gen. A. McD. McCook, Brig. Gen. C. C. Gilbert, and Maj. Gen.T.L. Crittenden; 
each coiys c<jusisting of three divisions. On the 29th of September, General Thonnis received orders 
irom General Halleck a.ssigning him to the command of the Army of the Ohio, but declining, and 
m-ging that General Buell be re^a^ncd in command, the order was rescinded, and General Buell remained 
in couunand. The next day Genend Thomas was placed second in connnand of the Army of the Ohio. 

General Buell adnuiced fi-om Louisville on the 1st of October ; General Sill's cUxision movuig on 
the left toward Fraiddbrt, to hold tJie enemy in check in that direction ; Generals McCook's, Gilbert's, 
and Crittejideu's c-<jrps marching Ijy different routes toward Baj-dsto\i-n ; each cohunn skirmished with 
the enemy's cavah-y and artillej-y from within a few miles of Louisville, the skirmishing growing more 
severe near Bardstown, from which place tJic enemy's infantiy retired eight iiours before the arrival ot 
General BuelFs forces, his cavalrx- retiring tifter a sharp engagement with General Buell'-s cavalry. The 
enemy fell back tow;u-d Perryville- General McCook's corps m(5ved in jiursuit Irom Blo(.>nitield and 
Generals Crittenden's and Gilbeil's corps from Bardstown. 

THE BATTLE. 

On the afternoon of the Ttii, (General Gilbert's corp^ an-j\cd within three miles of Perryville, and 
was drawn up in order of Iwttle, the enemy appearing to lie in force. The advance under Captain Gay, 
consisting of cavalry <uid artillery, supported toward evening by infantry, pressed the enenjy's rear 
guard to within two mik« of the town, against stubborn resistance. Creneral Buell's army had sulfered 
niuch for 'three days from scarcity of water; that night C(donel D. McCook's brigade of General 
Sheridan's division adviuiced and seized a coimmmding ])osJtion, wliicli covered some pools of w.iter in 
the bed of Doctor's Creek, securing a supply of bad water for the troops. Being convinced that the 
enemy were concentrating at PeiTyville for battles (b'lici'al BiuH ordered Generals Crittenden's and 
McCuok's corps to move forwai'd ajid take position ivsjiectix eh' on tiie riglit and left of (riUiert's corps. 
Early on the morning of the Sth, the enemy attempte<l to drive McCook's brigade lr.;-m tjjc po-itioii 
covering the pools of water. Genends Mitchell's and Siieridan's divisions were moved into position to 
defeat the niovenu'Ut. A spirited attai-k was made on McCook's position, wln'cl) was handsomely repulsed. 



12 LEr.KSDS OK TIIK orKKATIOXS OK 

Bc-twttii 1"> iiml 11 iM-lock a. iii., Ociunil McCook arriviMl <>ii the Ma.willc road iiii<l jilawJ his forjis 
in [MMiitioii oil the h-ft of (iciieral GillnTt'!* lorps. (teiieral Tlioiiiiis eaiiie iij> witli (JritteiitleiiV corps 
on till- Ltlianoii road; his cavah-v under Colonel E. M. MeCook arrive<l at daylij^ht, but his infantry 
did nut f,'et into position hefore 11 a. ui. After the attempt in the niorninj^ to drive Coh)nel 1). 
McC'ook from hi.s jmsition eovcrinf; tlie water ptiols, the enemy fell witli ^reat severity on General 
liousrtt-au's riiilit iiri'.'ade, then on General Terrill's lirigade, and on Kousseau's third brigade on the 
extreme hit. (ieneral Terrill's brigade, composed of new troops, was driven back. General Jackson, 
commamliiig liie divinion, ami General Terrill were both killed. Pouring into the gaji thus opened 
between (iilbert and liousseau, the enemy pressed Kousseau's right with an overwhelming force, com- 
pelling it to fall back, which it did in good order, until re-enforced by Gooding's and Steedmaii's 
brigades, when the enemy was re]>ulsod. Sinudtaneonsly with the heaviest attack on Kousseau, the 
enemy strongly assailed Sheridan's right; Sheridan was re-ciiforced l>y Carlin's brigade of Mitchell's 
division, which charged the enemy and drove him through the town to his position beyond. General 
Thomas, after having formed Crittenden's corps in order of battle, notified General Buell of his j>osition, 
receiving orders to hoM one division in readiness to re-enforce the centre if necessary, iind to rceonnoiter 
his fr<»nt ami see if the enemy had strengthened his left, or was withdrawing; he found the enemy in 
his front, but received no order to advance until darkness had terminated the (conflict. During the 
night McCook's coq)s moved to the right and closed on Gili)ert's left; ho was ordered to hold his 
position, taking advantage of any opportunity that the events of the day might present. General's 
Crittenden's atid Gilbert's corps were ordered to move forward at 6 a. m., and attack the enemy's front 

ari.l left Hank. 

The advance on tlie following morning discovered that the enemy liad retired (hu-ing the night, 
falling back to Ilarrod.-iiurg, but without evidence of haste or disorder. Learning that (n-ncral E. Kirby 
Smilli's force ha<l marched to form a junction with Uragg, (iciieral Buell determined to await the arrival 
of General Sill's division which had been ordered forward from Frankfort; in the meantime he ]>laced 
his armv in i>osition with the right four miles from Danville, the centre on the IVrryville and Ilarrods- 
bnrg pike, and the left (»n the roads converging on Harrodsburg. On the 11th the enemy retired from 
llarrod>bmg. (ieneral Buell advanced McCook's corps to that place, advancing at the same time 
(Gilbert's and Crittenden's corps on roads leading to the right. On the evening of the 13th, the enemy 
was found to be retreating south. Pursuit was immediately commenced and General P.uell's army 
advanced to Danville, and from thence to Crali Orchard, where Generals Gilbert's and McCook's cori)6 
were halted ; Crittenden's corps continued the pursuit as far as Loudon on the direct road, and on tho 
branch load to Manchester. Pursuit was now discontinued, McCook's and Gilbert's corps nuirchingto 
Powling (Jreen, and Crittenden's corps to Glasgow, Kentucky. 

On the ii4th <»f October, i)er General Orders, No. 108, War I l.pariiiicnt, tlic 1 )c]iartm(iit of the 
Ctnnberland was reconstituted, end»racing the State of Tennessee, east of tlii' Temu-ssee Kiver, and such 
]>arts of Nortiiern Alabama and (ieorgia ius might be taken ])o.ssession of by the United States troops; 
the designation of the army was changed from the Army of the Ohio to the Army of the Cumberland, 
which was known as the Fourteenth ('or|)S, and ilaj. Gen. AV. S. Kosecrans Wiu; assigned to the conimanil. 

On the :!(ith of Octolicr, while tlie concentration of the army at Bowling (ireen and (ihisgow was 
being effected, General Jiosecrans assumed coimuand of the Dejiartnu'iit and Army of the Cumber- 
land, per (ieneral < )rders. No., 1. 

G.iicral I'.uell lost in the battle on the Mil, killed, ;»l f. ; wounded, 2. '.t|:! ; mi.ssing, -IS'.t ; total, 4,:U8. 
Iv. Im-I 1..-- iii.l known. 

('oinmninUryj Avimj of the Ohio — Major General D. C. I'lKi.i.. 
Major (ieneral Gko. 11. Tuomas, Second in command. 
Comtitiiitilintj Ciir/is. Maj. Gen. .\. Nbli. McCook, 1st Corps; Maj. Gen. T. L. (_'rittendcn, "Jd 
Corps; Ihig. Gen. C. C. Gilbert, .'td Corp-; ('..!.. ml J. Kcnn.ti, Cavalry Division. 



THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 13 

Commanding Divisions. — Eri<;-. Gen. L. H. Rousseau, 3(1 Division ; Brig. G-en. H. P. Van Cleve, 
5th Division; Brig. Gen. A. Scliocpf, 1st Division; Brig. Gen. Sill, 2d Division; Brig. Gen. T. J. 
Wood, 6th Division; Brig. Gen. 11. Mitchell, 9th Division; Brig. Gen. J. S. Jackson,* Kith Division; 
Brig. Gen. W. S. Sniitli, 4th Division; Brig. Gen. P. II. Sheridan, 11th Division. 

Cvmmandmg Cavalry lirujadcs. — Colonel L. Zahin; Colonel E. M. McCook; Cujitain E. Gay. 

Commanding Hebel Army — General Braxton Bragg. 
Commanding Army of the Jfississijtpi — Major General L. Polk. 

Commayiding Wings. — Maj. (ren. L. Pojk, Right Wing; Maj. Gen. W. J. Hardee, Left Wing; 
Commanding Divisions.^^hxyn- Gen. J. M. Withers; Maj. Gen. B. F. Cheatham: Brig. Gen. 
P. Anderson ; Maj. Gen. S. B. Btickner. 

Commanding Cavalry Brigades. — Brig. Gen. J. Wheeler ; Brig. Gen. N. B. Forrest. 

Commanding Army nf East Tennessee — Major General E. Iv. SMrni.t 

Commanding Divisions. — Brig. Gen. Churchill; Maj. Gen. 11. Heath; Maj. (ien. J. P. McCown. 
Comm.unding Cavalry Brigade. — Brig. Gen. Jno. II. Morgan. 



MAJOR GENERAL ROSECRANS' CAMPAIGN. 

STONE RIVER CAMPAIGN. 

Maj. Gen. Rosecrans assumed command of the army of fjie Cumberland on the 27th day of October, 
1862, then concentrated at Bowling Green and Glasgow, Ky. The ami}' moved thence to Nashville, 
Tennessee, where the advance corps arrived November Vth. The railroad was then opened through 
to Nashville, and trains commenced i-unning November 26th. The army remaii\ed at Nashville, from 
November 26th to December 26th, during which time supplies were brought forward. 

The enemy having sent a large cavahy force into West Tennessee, and another into Kentucky, 
the occasion was seized for an advance. Polk's and Kir])y Smith's corps were at Murfreesboro, and 
Hardee's on the pike between Triune and Shelby ville. The movement began December 26th: General 
McCook. advanced on Mm^freesboro, \'ia Nolensville, Triune, and Wilkinson's Cross Roads, driving the 
erlemy from Nolensville and Knob's Gap, one and one-half miles South. General Thomas advanced 
on the Franklin and Wilson pikes, threatening Ilardee, who retreated to Murfreesboro. Thomas then 
fell in by cross roads to Nolensville and Stewartsboro, and from thence advanced on Murfreesboro, via 
Wilkinson's cross roads. Crittenden advanced on the Murfreesboro pike, via Lavergne, driving the 
enemy before him. 

By night of December 30th the army was concentrated in the vicinity of Stone River: McCook 
forming the right, Thomas the centre, and Crittenden the left. General Ro.sec-rans sought to turn the 
enemy's right ; McCook was to take an advantageous position, refusing his right sufficiently to sci-urc it ; 
Thomas to open wtli sldrmishing on the centre; Crittenden to mass his troops and hurl them on the 
enemy's right. This movement if successful, was to be sustained by Thomas on the centre. 

THE BATTLE. 

On the morning of December 3Jst Crittenden ]irei>an'd to attack the enemy's right. Meanwhile 
Bragg had massed on McCook's front, and at half past six a. m. threw heavy columns upon iJavis's and 
.Tohn.son's divisions, which, after desperate fighting, were driven back. Rousseau moved into the cedar 

*Killril. 

f Tlic lii-l)(.| Avmy of tlic Tennessee iiiiilii- Miijnv (ieiieial E. K. SinKlj «iis wA |,refeiit iil 111- ImUle of I'lmville. 



14 LEGENDS or- Tin: OI-KRATIONS OK 

Idiikes tu tli<! ri^lit ami rear of Slieiidaii. Tlie iiuivomfiit on tlie left w.-us Auspendi-tl. Van Clevc took 
]>otjition to the ri;;lit of Ituiissuaii, leavinj; one liriijade to friiard the crossin;:. The pioneer brijiade was 
|>osted in rear of Palmer's centre. Tlie enemy pursued his attack with ;rreat pcrsistcnee. Sheridati'ii 
ri^lit was forced hai-k from a southeasterly to a northwesterly direction; l»ut he iiiHieted ft<.rvere loss 
njioii the enemy. Meijley fought with iletermined bravery, Init was compelled to retire throii^jh the 
cedar brakes, when Sheridan, Xei^ley, and Konsseau checked the enemy. Palmer had also been en;rajrt'<l. 
A new line was now formed : the rij^ht and centre extended from the Miirfreesl)oro pike in a northwesterly 
direction; ilcCook's cori)s refused, his rij^lit slijrhtly to the rear of the Murfreesboro pike. The cavalry 
beinj; fartlier to the rear, at and beyond Overall's Creek. The enemy strove to advance on this new 
line, but was repulsed. Our h\\ was now retired, restin^r on Stone River. January 1st, Crittenden 
oiTupied the ]>oint opposite the ford t>n his left with one bripide. The enemy demonstrateil on (ribson's 
Ne;^ley's, an<l a porti<»n of Rousseau's front; and subsequently, on Walker's fn^nt, but meeting with 
resistance withdrew. On Jamiary :inil the enemy opened heavily on our centre with artillery, and made 
a strong demonstration farther to the right; iiis artillery was soon silenced, and his efl'orts ceased. 
Van Clevc, supjiorted by a brigade from Palmer's division, now iield a position across the river. About 
three p. m. the enemy in heavy force fell upon Van Cleve, who, after a tierce conflict, was driven l)ack 
across the river, closely followed l)y the enemy. CrittendeTi posted his artillery on tiie west side of the river^ 
while two brigades of Negley's <livision, and the pioneer brigade, moved uj) to meet the onset. The 
enemy was repulsed with terriide loss. Darkness and rain jirevented pursuit. On the 3d, heavy rains 
prevcnteil an advance. Tiie enemy evacuated Murfreesboro during the night. Our dea<l were buried 
on the 4th, aiul on the ."jth the army took possession of Murfreesboro. 

Maj. Gen. Kosecrans moved on the enemy with the following forces: Infantry, 41.+i;l; artillery, 

'_',22:3; cavalry, ;^,29G; total, 4ti,!)-K). lie fought the battle witli the following forces: Infantry, ;;7,!t77 ; 

artiUcry, 2,-_'L':$ ; cavalry, :!,2tiO ; total,43,400. • He lost olttcers killed 92 ; enlisted men, 1 ,44 1 ; total, 1 ,y.',:i. 

AVounded— oflicers, 384 ; enlisted men, ti,8GI ; total, 7,245. :Missing, about 2,S00. Aggi-eg:ite, 1 1 ,578. 

Estimateil force of enemy engaged, all arms, (>2,490 ; estimated loss of enemy, 14,5G0. 

Coinmand'iiKj Artny of the Cumberland — Maj-ir General W. 8. Koseckans. 

Cornmanilinfj Wifif/s. — Maj. (leii. A. .Md*. McCook, Right Wing; Maj. Gen. Geo. II. Thomas, 
Centre ; Maj. (tcu. T. L. Crittenden, Left Wing ; lirig. Gen. D. S. Stanly, Coniiiiaiiding Cavalry Division ; 
Capt. J. StC. ilorton, Connnanding Pioneer Brigade. 

Comiinni(/l»f/ lisi J )i vision. — Brig. Gen. J. C. Davis; Brii;. Gen. L. II. Rousseau; Brig. Gen. 
T. J. Wood;* Col. R. II. G. Mint^-, Commanding Brigade. 

Commanilinij 'Ind Dioision. — Brig. Gen. R. A\''. Johnson ; Ih-ig. Gen. J. S. Xegiey ; Brig Gen. J. M. 
Palmer; Col. L. Zalim, Connnanding Brigade. 

Comiaandiuij 'ird JJivinioii — Brig. (tcti. P. II. Sheridan; Brig. Gen. S S. Fry ;t Brig. (Jen. II. 
P. Van CHcve;* Brig. Gen. ]\. S. Stanly, in person, Commamling Ri'.serve Brigaile. 

Ctniiiiinndiiuj Mh Dii'imm — Brig. Gen. R. 1>. ^lifehell.t 

Vinnmandiiuj 5/// Division. — Brig. Gen. .1. J. Reynolils.f 

Ci>ninnnidiii(j Rebel Army — Gener:il Bkaxton l'>KA(i(i. 

ComtiMndiiuj Corjis. -I.ieut. (nn. L. Polk ; IJeul. (icii. V.. K. Smith; Lieut, (ieti. W. •!. ii.n-.l.r ; 
Brig. Gen J. A. Wheeler, Commanding Cavalry Prigade, 

Ciimiiiiindintj Divisianx. — Maj. (len. B. V. Clieathani ; .M;ij. Gen.. I. P. JleC-owan ; Maj. (ien. P. 
R. Clebiini : lirig. (ien. .1. A. NVkiartoii, Connnanding Cavalry Brigade. 

■(< nils WiHiil iiml V:iii Cli'vi' wvw wiiiiniluil uii tlio Jls.!, iillcr wliicli llii'inlivuiiiiiia wciv rfs|ii'itivi'lv cupimaiidi'il liv liiij;. 

li.ii. M. S. llnKCiill mill (•..li.ii.O S. U.^atty. 

(Two lirigiidi:!* uf (Iciiciul I'i/'b lHvUiuii iiiid Gi'UiTuU Iti yiiold's anil .MiUliiU'n divisiiuiiH wi-iv not in llii' biillli; of Slone llivor. 



TIIK ARMY OF THE CTMIiERLAND. 15 

Commanding Divisions. — Miij. Gen. J. M. Withers; Maj. Geii. C. L. Stevenson ;* Maj. Gen. J. 
C Breckinridge ; Brig. Gen. J. Pegrain, Commanding Cavalry Brigade. 
Brig. Gen. A. Bnford, Commanding Cavalry Brigade. 
ComraandiiKj Division. — Brig. Gen. N. B. Forrest. f 
Commanding Division. — Brig. Gen. J. II. Morgan. | 

MIDDLE TENNESSEE CAMPAIGN. 

The army lay at Mnrfrceshoro trom January 5tli, 1863, to June 2:;rd, 1803. Meanwhile supplies 
M-ere l)rought forward, a large fortified depot estahlLshed at Murfreeshoro, and a cavalry force sufficiently 
large to compote with that of the enemy -organized and equipped. The rebels had their main hase at 
Chattanooga, with a hirge depot at TuUahoma. Bragg's army occupied a strong position north of Duck 
River ; hfs infantry extending from Shelbyville to AVartracc ; his cavalry extending on the right to 
McMinnvillc, and on tlie left to Columbia and Spring Ilill. His main position in front of Shelbyville 
was strengthened by a redan line, covered by abbattis. Folk's corps was at Shelbyvilk'. Hardee's 
headquarters at Wartrace ; his troops holding Hoover's Liberty, and Bell Buckle Ga])s. 

(General G. Granger moved trom Franklin to Triune threatening tlie enemy's left, and covering 
our main movement on his right. Tiiis caused Bragg to call forward Bnckner, and all spare troops 
from East Tennessee and the lines of the railroads. 

The advance movement began on the 33rd of June, and on tlie 2 ith the whole army was in motion 
towards the enemy. Thomas moved on the Manchester pike, lleynold in advance ; "Wilder seized Hoover's 
Gap, opening a way for the "passage of the corps. Bramuxn joined here, having advanced from Trimie, 
via Salem and Christiana. Thomas continued his march on the pike, and'on the 2t)th demonstrated 
towards Fairfield, arriving at Manchester on the 27th ; from whence he sent Wilder to operate on the 
enemy's communications in the vicinity of Decherd, Beatty going to Hillsboro in support of the move- 
ment. McCook moved on the IIillsl)oro road and on the Shely ville pike, via Christiana, concentrating 
at Liberty Gap, which was seized by Willicih's brigade, assisted Iiy Carlin's ; from thence McCook 
moved to Beech Grove, and followed Thomas on the pike, arriving at Manchester on tiie 2i)th. 
Crittenden, leaving Van Cleve at Murfrecsboro, moved with the rest of his corps, via Bradeyville and 
Lumley's Stand, arriving at Manchester on the 27th Turchin, with one brigade of cavalry, acting under 
his orders. Tlie cavalry, with the exception of one brigade which operated on our left, advanced from 
Murfreesburo, via, Salem, and from Triune, via Eagle ville, Home, and Uniiinville, skirmishing with tiie 
enemy at the two latter places, and concenti'ated at the junction of the Salem and Chistiana roads, Stanly 
in command. Tiie reserve, under General G. Granger, came up from Triune, via Salem, Granger assum- 
ing commaiiil of the column, advanced on Shelbyville, via Christiana, Old P'osterville, and Guy's Gaj), 
the cavalry in advance. The enemy held the gap. At Old Fosterville Mitchell turned to the right 
and jias.sed through Middleton, flanking the enemy, who retreated to his entrenchments four miles north 
of Shell)y ville. Stanly advanced on the jnke, passing through the Gap, lullowed by Granger. The 
enemy abandoned his entrenchments and fell back to Shelbyville, where he was attacked and routed on 
the 27tli of June, with a loss of six hundred in prisoners, and his artillei-y. Granger remained at Shel- 
byville. Stanly advanced on Manchester on the 3()tli. Crittenden, Tliomas, and McCook having moved 
out and taken positions, respectively, at Hall's Chapel, Concord Church, and Bope's Cross Roads, and 
Crampton's Creek. Thus witliout serioiis loss our army concentrated on the enemy's right, forcing liiin 
to abandon Tullahoma, which he did on the night of the 30tli, and giving us possession of Middle Ten- 
nessee. 

Tliomas and McCook moved to Tullahoma. Crittenden returned to JSraiu-hester, Palmer going into 
camp there, and Wiiod at llillshi_)ro; AVagner cani[iing at Pelhani. McCook moved soutli trom Tulia- 

* General .Steveiisoii'.s division was ileUiclii'd. 

t General Forrest's division was operating in West Tennessee. 

J General Morgan's division was operatinu; in Kentucky. 



16 ' LKt;i;Ni).s OF Tin: oi-eijatioxs of 

hoiiia on till- wist side of tlif rail road; Slu-ridan fort-ed tin- |>a.S8age of Elk lliver at Rock Creok funl 
on tlic :ird ot'JiiIy, and went into c-anip at Cowan. Jolinson and Daviti c-ain|iin^ at Windiester. Tlionisis 
inovi'd Routli on tiie S]iring Crei-k road, Ni-jrli-y and Rmisoeati drivinj; the enemy *ii rear ;rnard Ironi 
S|(rini| Creek (iai>; the hridije havinj; heen hnrned, Thomas moved tip the river to Jones's tord, where 
Rousseau and I'nimian crossed; Reynoldij and Nej^ley crossinji at Morris's lord. The corps went into 
camp on tlic 4th of July, as follows: Rousseau at Fatherstone, Negley at Rraketield Point, Reynolds 
at Peiinintrtons, and IJrannan at Tales. The cavalry moved south from Manchester and Ilillshoro', 
forein-; the passage of the river at Morris's fonl. Col. Lonjj had a severe skirmish with the enemy's rear 
^uard which was disjiersed. Staidy then moved to Dechcrd. July otii, Van Cleve moved from ilnr- 
freeshoro' to McMinnvilic, arrivinjr there on the 7th, and f;oin;r into camp. 

The reliel army retreated tVom Middle Tenne.s.see across the Cumlierlaixl iiiountaiiis, via Tantallon 
and I'niversity ; erossinj; the Tennessee river on hrid-^es near tlic mouth of I'attle Creek, and jit Kelly's 
ferry, and on the railroad iiridije at Rrid^eport, which he di-sti-oyed after crossing;, and retired on Chat- 
taiiooija where lie fortitied himself. 

Cieneral Ro.sccrans lost diirin;,' the euiiipai^n, ( )tlicirs killed, 14; eiili-ted incii, 71; Oliieers 
wountled, 2r. ; enlisted men, 430; Total killed, 85; wounded, 402; missinjj;, I. '5. 

He captured from the enemy, Otticcrs, .59 ; enlisted men, 1,575. 

Cuuiiaandlittj Army of the Cuinberlund — Maj. Gen. W. S. Roskcraxs. 

Commumling Corjw. — Maj. Gen. Geo. 11. .Thomas, 14th A. C. ; Maj. Gen. A. McD. ilcCook, 
20tli A. C ; Maj. Gen. T. L. Crittenden, :ilst A. C. ; Maj. (ien. G. Graiiiier, Reserve Corps; Maj. Gen. 
1). iS. Stanly, Cavalry Corps. 

Oijiimunding \isl Divinions. — ^Brig. Gen. J. C. Starkweather, 14tli A. C. ; Brig. Gen. J. C. Davis, 
'J'lth A. C. ; Bri". Gen. T. J. Wood, 21st A. C. ; Brig. Gen. "\V. C. AVhitaker, Reserve Cor|)s ; Brig. Gen. 
R. B. Mitchell, Cavalry Corps. 

CoiniiKindhuj 2nd Dlvim'ons. — Maj. Gen. J. S. Negley, 14th A. C. ; Brig. (ien. R. "\V. John.son, 
2<>tli A. C. ; Brig. Gen. C. Cruft, 2l8t A. C. ; Bi-ig. Gen. G. W. Morgan, Reserve Coi-ps ; Brig. Gen. J. 
R. Tmchin, Cavalry Corps. 

Cominuhdititj Wd JJivitiions.— Bvi<r. Gen. J. .M. I'.raniian, 14th A. C. ; Maj. (uii. P. II. Sheridan, 
20ih A. C. ; Brig. (len. II. P. Van Cleve, 21st A. C. ; P>rig. (4en. R. S. Ciranger^ Reserve Corps. 

C'diitiiunidiiiij At/i iJ/rimon. — 'Maj. Gen. J. J. Reynolds, 14th A. C. 

Coinwindintj Jtchcl Army — Genei-al I'lKA.xn^.N 1!ka(;(;. 

Command Iny Curjm.— lAvni. Gen. 1.. P<i!k ; Lieut. Gen. W.J. Jlanlec; .Maj. Gen J. A. Wlieeler, 
(!avalry Corps. 

Covnnaud'tny Div'ufionn. — Maj. (nn. J?. V. Clieatliaui ; .Maj. (ieii. P. R. ( 'iciiiinie ; P.rig. Gen. 
J. \. Wharton, Cavalry Corps. 

t'limmandituj Jjic'moiiD. — Maj. (Jen. J. M. Withers; .Maj. Gen. A. P. Steward; Brig. Gen. W. 
Martin, Cavalry Corps. 

Cominand'uiy Divmoii. — Maj. Gen. S. 1!. liiiekm r. 

( UK ivAMAPGA CA M i'A K -N. 

After the expul.-iiMi of the rehel army from Middle Teimosee, the ncNt olijective point of the .\rmy 
of till- Cumiierland was Chattanooga, which connnaiids the southern entrance itito Ksist Tennessee. 

The woik of repairing the railroad was pushed forward with vigor, and it was o|)en»'d through to 
P.ridi^eport on the "J-Mli of July, lSt>:'>. Sheridan's division advanced and took position at Stevenson and 
liridu'cport, anil su]>|ilii> were accumulateti at those points. 



THE ARMY OF THE dMBEKLAND. 17 

The movement ovei- the moinitaiiis began Angnst 16tli, as follows: General Crittenden's corps in 
three columns ; Wood moving from Ilillsboro, via Pelliam, Tracy City, Johnsons, and Purdons, to Thur- 
man in Sequatchie Vallcv. Palmer from Manchester, via Hickory, Franklin and Ir^-iug Colleges, and 
Eicketts, to Duulap in the Valley. Van Cleve from McMiiin%-ille on the Harrison Trace Road, to 
PikeWUe, at the head of Sequatcliie Valley. General Thomas's corps, in two cohimns, Reynolds and 
Brennan, moving, via University and Battle Creek; Negiey and Baird via Tantallon and Crow Creek. 
General McCook's corps, in two columns, Johnson moving, via Salem and Larkin's Fork, to Bellefonte; 
JDavis, via Mount Top, to Stevenson ; Sheridan having previously advanced to Stevenson and Bridegport. 
Stanly, ^^^th most of the cavalry, moved, ^na Fayetteville and Athens, covering the line of the Tennessee 
River from Whitesburg up. Colonel Mmty's cavalry moved from IMcMinnville, via Sparta and Cane 
Creek, to Pikeville. Cononel Wilder moved, via University, Tracy City, and Thurman, to Dunlap. 
Prior to the movement across the Tennessee river by the main arm5% Colonels Minty's, Wilder's, Wagner's, 
and Hazen's brigades, were sent to demonstrate against Chattanooga from the north, covering the line 
of the Tennessee from Wasliington down to Chattanooga. 

The army commenced crossing the Tennessee River on the 2!)th of August, and on the 4-th of Sep- 
tember all were over, the regular brigade remaining at Stevenson until relieved by troops of the reserve 
corps. General Thomas's corps crossed as follows : Refolds and Braiman at the mouth of Battle Creek, 
Baird at Bridgeport, and Negley at Caperton's Ferry. Crittenden moved down the Sequatchie Valley 
and crossed at Shellmound, and at the mouth of Battle Creek. Johnson and Davis of McCook's coqis 
crossed at Caperton's Ferry, while Sheridan crossed at Bridgeport. The cavalry under Stanly crossed 
at Caperton's and at a ford near Island Creek. 

The movement over the mountains was mimediately commenced. Thomas's corps crossed the Sand 
Mountains and descended into Lookout Valley at Trenton; he then ascended Lookout Moutaiu at John- 
son's Crook, and passed through Steven's and Frick's Gaps, descending into Chattanooga Valley. 
McCook crossed the Sand Mountains moving dii-ect to Valley Head, where he ascended Lookout 
Mountain. Crittenden moved via Wauhatchie, and crossed over the nose of Lookout Mountain. 
Simultaneously with these movements, the enemy abandoned Chattanooga and retreated to Lafayette, 
Ga. The forces on the noi-th side of the river crossed over, and Crittenden pursued the enemy to 
Ringgold ; sending Wilder to Buzzards Roost. The cavalry, supported by McCook's corps, descended 
Lookout Moimtain and moved to Alpine, reconnoiteriug boldly towards Ronie, and the enemy's position 
at Lafayette. General Granger's reserve corps was ordered up ; Steedman's division from along the 
Nashville and Chatanooga railroad, and Colonel Dan McCook's brigade from Columbia, Tennessee. 

The enemy being largely reinforced from Virginia, and elsewhere. General Rosecrans ordered the 
concentration of the army in the vicinity of Crawfish Springs. Thomas crossed the upper end of Mis- 
sion Ridge and moved down the Chickamauga Valley to tlie ap})ointed place. Crittenden returned from 
Ringgold, via Pealer's Mill, and took liis proper position. McCook reascended Lookout Mountain. 
Johnson and Daxds taking the direct mountain road from Winston's to Steven's Gap. Sheridan descended 
the mountain at Winston's, moving thence down Lookout Valley to Johnson's Crook, and ascending the 
Mountain at that point ; the corps then passed through Steven's Gap, and concentrated %vith the 14th 
and 21st corps. Granger, with his reserve corps, moved from Bridgeport to Rossville. The cavalry was 
posted as follows : 1st Division at Blue Bird's Gap, 2d Division (with the exception of Minty's lirigade,) 
at Dougherty's Gap, Minty at Reed's Bridge, and Wilder's mounted infantry at Alexander's Bridge. 
On the ISth of September the enemy forced the passage of the Chickamauga at Reed's and Alexander's 
Bridges, driving back Minty and Wilder. During the night General Rosecrans completed the concen- 
tration of his anny, except the, reserves at Rossville and the cavalry at Blue Bird and Dougherty 
Gaps. 



18 LKOKNUS OF TIIK OI'KUATIOXS OF 

TllK liATTI.K. 

At ill) early lumr nn tin- niDriiiii^ of St-ptonilHT IJMli, (Tcneral Tlmmas moved from Crawfisfh 
S|iriiif;s with Hainl's and Unmiiairs divisit>ns, and attacked tlie enemy's ri^^lit, in the vicinity of Jay's 
AlilU, thwartiiii; liis (1e.si<jn of turniiifr our left. Tliomjis heini; reiidbrccd l»y Joiinson of the 20tli corps, 
and Palmer of the 21st, and Reynolds having; joined, and the enemy havin;; receive<l strong reinforce- 
ments, the liu'Iiting on the left grew severe, gradually extending to the right ; Wood, Van Cleve, Davis, 
Sheridan, and Wihler, successively hecoming heavily engaged. The cavalry arriving at Crawfish Spring, 
closed in on the right and guarded the upper fords of the Chickamauga. The contest closed at dark 
without material gain to either side. During the night a new line, a little to the rear, was forniea. 

On the morning of Scpteml)cr 20th, the enemy commenced by a heavy assault on the left, rapidly 
extending it to the right. Tiiomas l)eing much pressed, was reinforced liy two of Negley's brigades, 
and subsequently by Wood. The withdrawal of Wood, opened a gap on our right center, tiirough 
■which the enemy poured, overwhelming Davis and Sheridan, who were closing in to the left, and driving 
their divisions and part (jf the right center into the ridge. Tiic enemy ik)W brought his whole force to 
bear upon Thomas, assaulting his lines with great persistence. Brannan and Reynolds were forced back 
to a position nearly at right angles to the line they held in the morning. Wood formed between Bran- 
nan and Reynolds. At tliis time the enemy were gaining Bninnan's right and rear, when General Gran- 
ger, with Steedman's division, opportunely arrived, and forming on Brannan's right, drove the enemy 
back. The position now occujiied was held until night, when the troops were withdrawn to Rossville, 
under the command of General Thomas. 

September 21st, the army lay in line at Rossville all day, withdrawing during the night to Chatta- 
nooga. 

General Rosecrans lost. Officers killed, 132; wounded, 572; missing, 270; Enlisted men, killed, 
1,555; wounded, 8,822; missing, 4,985; Total Idlled, 1,CS7; wounded, 9,394; missing, 5,255. Total 
loss in officers, 974; enlisted men, 15,302; aggregate loss, 10,336. 

REBEL LOSS. 

The loss in killed and wounded is compiled from the official reports of the Army, Corps, and Divis- 
ion Commanders Reliel Army. Where the loss of a division is not stated in the official report its loss 
is assumed to be ecjiial to the average loss in tiiose divisions whose losses are officially given, which 
constitute a majority of the divisions. The loss iu prisoners is taken from our official reports. 

Total loss, killed, 2,073; wounded, 16,274; missing, 2,003; aggregate loss, 20,950. 

On the night of September 30th, the enemy's cavalry, under AVheeler, crossed the Tennessee River, 
near Washington, and moved thence against General Rosecrans connnunications, capturing and burning 
a large wagon train near Anderson's Cross roads. Colonel McCook, with the 1st division, attacked 
Wheeler a!ul drove him from the burning train. General R. B. Alitchell, with General Crook's and 
Colonel McCook's cavalry divisions, closely pursued Wheeler through Middle Tennessee, driving him 
back across the Tennessee River without his having materially interfered with General Rosccraus's com- 
numications. General Crook's division, which was in advance, had several l)risk skirmishes with tlie 
enemy, and near Farmington fought, a severe battle with Wheeler's forces, driving them from the Held 
with loss. The routes pursued by General Mitchell's forces are correctly indicated on the map. 

CommanJhiij Army af the (.'umherland — Maj. Gen. AV. S. Koseckans. 
Commamltng CV/y>«.— Maj. Gen. Geo. II. Thomas, 14thCori)s; Maj. (len. A. McD. McCook, 
20th Cori)s; Maj. Gen. T. L. Crittenden, 21st Corps; Maj. Gen. G? Granger, Reserve Corps; Maj. 
Gen. D. S. Stanly,* Cavalry Corps. 

• (ii'iunil Stnnly li.int' Hi.k. RriL-. fieii. K. It, Milclicll ooiniimiKli'il Cavalrv C'oq)K iil llie boUlc of Cliicknnmugo. 



THE AKMY OF THE CUMBERLAND, 19 

Commanding \st Divisions. — Brig. Gen. A. Baird, 14tli Corps ; Brig. Gen. J. C. Davis, 20tli Corps ; 
Brig. Gen. T. J. Wood, 21st Corps; Brig. Gen. J. B. Stcednian, Reserve Corps; Colonel E. M. Me- 
Cook, Cavahy Corps. 

Commanding 'id Divisions. — Maj. Gen. J. S. Ncglcy, 14tli Corps ; Brig. Gen. K. "W. Johnson, 
20tli Corps; Maj. Gen. J. M. Palmer, 21st Corjjs; Brig. Gen. J. D. Morgan,* Reserve Corps; Brig. 
Gen. Geo. Crook, Cavalry Corps. 

Commanding Zrd Divisions. — Brig. Gen. J. M. Brannan, l-ltli Corjis ; Maj. Gen. P. II. Sheridan, 
20th Corps; Brig. Gen. 11. P. Van Cleve, 21st Corps; Brig. Gen. R. S. Granger,* Reserve Corps. 

Commanding Mh Divisio7i. — Maj. Gen. J. J. Reynolds, 14th Corps. 

Comm((ndi)ig liehel Ay'iny. — Maj. Gen. Bkaxton Bragg. 

Commanding Corps. — Lieut. Gen. J. Longstreet, Lient. Gen. L. Polk, Lieut. Gen. D. 11. Hill, 
Maj. Gen. S. B. Buckner, Maj. Gen. W. II. T. Walker, Maj. Gen. Wheeler; Brig. Gen. N. B. Forrest, 
Cavalry Corps. 

Commanding Divisions. — Maj. Gen. J. B. Hood, Maj. Gen. B. F. Cheatham, Maj. Gen. P. R. 
Cleburne, Maj. Gen. A. P. Stewart, Brig. Gen. J. R. Liddell ; Brig. Gen. J. A. Wharton, Brig. Gen. 
F. Armstrong, Cavalry Division. 

Co7mnanding Divisions. — Brig. Gen. E. M. McLaws, Maj. Gen. T. C. llindman, Maj. Gen. J. C. 
Breckinridge, Brig. Gen. W. Preston, Brig. Gen. S. R. Gist; Brig. Gen. W. Martin, Brig. Gen. J. 
Pegrani, Cavalry Division. 

Commanding Divisions. — Brig. Gen. B. R. Johnson, Brig. Gen. P. Anderson. 



MAJOR GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 

Maj. Gen. TJ. S. Grant was appointed to the command of the Military Division of the Mississippi, 
comprising the Departments of the Cumberland, Tennessee, and Ohio, on the 16th day of October, 
1863; lie assumed command on the 18th by telegraph from Loiiis\'ille. 

The Army of the Cumberland, Maj. Gen. W. S. Rosecraus commanding, was at Chattanooga. 
Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman, commanding the Army of the Tennessee, was en route with Blair's (15th) 
corp,s of his army, from Memphis to Chattanooga. The Army of the Ohio, Maj. Gen. A. E. Burnside 
commanding, was at Knoxville. On the 19th, Maj. Gen. Geo. LI. Thomas succeeded General Rosecraus 
in the command of the Department oi, the Cumberland. Prior to being reheved, General Rosecrans 
had ordered the concentration of Hooker's troops at Bridgeport, preparatory to advancing along the 
line of the railroad towards Chattanooga. On assuming command of the Army of the Cumberland, 
General Thomas ordered the immediate execution of this movement, and, after consulting with Brig. 
Gen. W. F. Smith, Cliief Engineer, he determined upon certain other movements in conjunction with 
Gen. Hooker's advance, looking to the opening of the Tennessee River and main wagon road from 
Bridgeport to Bro\vn's Ferry ; it being impossible to supply the Army at Chattanooga by the road on 
the north bank of the river. 

General Grant arrived in Chattanooga on the 23d, and approving of General Thomas's plans they 
were carried into execution. General Thomas du-ected Brig. Gen. W. F. Smith, Chief Engineer, to 
make a lodgment on the south bank of the Tennessee River, at Brown's Ferry, and seize the range of 
hills in that vicinity, as they commanded the Kelly's Ferry Road. In connection with tliis movement, 
General Hooker was to cross the Tennessee River at BridgC[)ort and advance on Waidiatchic. General 

* GeneralR. S. Granger's division and two brigades of General Morgan's division were not present at the battle of CLickamaiiga. 



20 LKOKNDS OK TlIK oriCKATIONS OK 

I'aliia-r to iiiovo iVoin liis position opposite Cliattanooj^a, tiy the route north of tlic river, to a jioint 
opposite Wliitetiiile't-; thiii to eross to the south siile of tlie river, ami liokl tlie road parsed over by 
Hooker. 

On tlie iii;;ht of the 27th, (leneral Smith, with a force of oif^htceii hundred men under General 
\V. 15. Ila/en, floated down the river in jiontoon hoat.s from Chattanoo<^a, eu]itiM-ed the enemy's pickets 
stationed at lirown's Ferrv, and seized the ranj;e of hills connnandin"; the Kelly's Ferry Road. The 
remainder of General Smith's force, consistiiif; of about twelve hundred men under General Turchin, 
moved from opjiosite Chattanooga, hy the north hank of the river, to Brown's Ferry, and before day 
dawn were ferried across the river, anil by 10 a. m. a pontoon bridge was laid at this point. 

On the 28th, Hooker emerged into Lookout Valley at Wauliatchie, with General Howard's corps, 
and General Geary's division of the Twelfth Corps. Geary took position at "Wauhatchie, and Hooker, 
with Howard's corps, some three miles further on toward Bnjwn's Ferry. General Palmer Ciirricd out 
his part of the movement according to instructions. 

BATTLE OF WArilATriTIK. 

During the night two divisions of Loiigstreet's Corps assailed Jiooker":- troops making the main 
as.sault ujjon (Tcary ; the enemy were signally rejjulsed. Thus two lines of supply from Bridgeport were 
secured; one via Whiteside's, Wauhatchie, and Brown's Ferry, twenty-eight miles of wagoning; the 
other by river to Kelly's Ferry, and thence eight miles by wagons. Prior to tliistime Chattanooga was 
]>ractically invested, supplies having to be hauled some sixty or seventy miles, over a very impracticable 
road on the north bank of the river ; the army could not have been supplied but a few days longer. 

Bragg now sent Longstreet into East Tennessee to attack Burnside at Knoxville. 

Sherman's advance reached Bridgeport ai)Out the 14th of November, crossing the river at that 
point. Moving thence, via Whitesides, one division threatening the enemy's left front in the 
direction of Trenton, Sherman rccrossed the Tennessee River at Browni's Ferry, and moved up the 
north bank to near the mouth of South Chickamauga, where he arrived on the 23d, with Generals 
Morgan L. Smith's, John E. Smith's, and Hugh Ewliig's divisions, conc^'aling his troops from the 
enemy until the projjcr time for making a lodgment on the south baidv of the river. The drift-wood 
breaking the ])ontoon bridge at Brown's Ferry prevented Generjil Osterhaus's division from cTo.ssing, 
and it was placed under command of General Hooker. Pontoons were liuilt and placed in the North 
Chickamauga near its mouth, and on the night of the 23(1 the pontoons were filled with armed men and 
floated down to a point just below the mouth of the South Chickamauga, where the troops made a 
lodgment on the south t)ank of the Tennessee River, capturing the enemy's picket guard. By 12 
o'clock m. the pontoon bridges were laid across the Tennessee and Chickamauga, and the remainder of 
Sherman's forces crossed over and scizeil tlie northern extremity of Missionary Ridge, and fortitied their 
position during the night. 

BATTLE OF (11 AT'I'A NOOGA. 

General Thomas having driviii the enemy from his front line, and secured Orchard Knoll on the 23d, 
fortified his position during llie nigiit, and on the 24th he pu>hed Howard's cor])S along the south bank 
of the Tennessee River, and across Citico Creek. Howard tiien reported to General Sherman, remaining 
under his command during the rest of the battle and the subsetpicnt advance for the relief of Knoxville. 
Hooker scaled the western .-^lope of Lookout Mountain, drove tiie enemy from his ritle-pits on the northern 
extremity and slo]ie of the mountain, ca]itnring many ])risonei's, without serious loss. 

On the morning of the 25th, (ieiieral Hooker took possessicm of the to]) of the mountain with a small 
force, and with the rest of his command swept across Lookout Valley, now abandoned by the enemy, to 
Rossville ; from whence, a.sc,ending Missionary Ridge, he moved northward towm-d the centrcof the now 



THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAKD. 21 

shortened line. General Sherman assaulted tlie enemy's right with great determination, gaining and 
holding position close np to his rifle pits. General Thomas, with Baird's and Johnson's divisions of 
Palmer's cor[)s, and Wood's and Sheridan's divisions of Granger's corjjs, assaulted the enemy's centre 
on Mission Kidge, and after fearful iighting carried the summit of the ridge. The enemy still resisted 
Thomas's left, but he was speedily overcome, when he abandoned his works in front of Sherman, and by 
12 o'clock at night was iu full retreat; and his strong position on Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge 
were in General Grant's possession, together with a large number of prisoners, artillery, and small 
ai'ms. On the morning of the 2Cth, General Sherman pursued the enemy via Chickamauga station, 
sending General Howard to Ked Chiy, where he destroyed the Dalton and Cleveland Raih-oad, severing 
communication between Bragg and Longstreet. General Thomas's forces, under Hooker and Palmer, 
pursued on the Eossville Road; Jiis advance reached Ringgold on the morning of the 27th, and after a 
severe fight dislodged the enemy from a strong position in the gorge, and on the crest of Taylor's ridge. 
The pursuit was then continued to near Timnel Hill. 

The relief of General Burnside at Xnoxville was now of imperative necessity, ^nd General 
Sherman with his own troops, and Howard's and Granger's corps of Thomas's army, advanced on 
Ivnoxville, and on the night of the 3d of December, threw his cavalry into that place. His apjiroacli 
caused Longstreet to raise the siege of Ivnoxville, and retreat eastward on the night of the 4th. General 
Sherman arrived in person at Knoxville on the 10th, and after a conference with General Burnside in 
regard to the pursuit of the enemy, he left General Granger's corps with General Burnside, and with the 
remainder of his forces returned by slow marches to Chattanooga. 

General Grant lost — killed, 757 ; wounded, 4,529 ; nussing, 330. 

General Grant captured — officers, 239 ; enlisted men, 5,903; guns, 40 ; stand of small arms, 7,000, 

The enemy's loss in killed and wounded was probably less than General Grant's, but his loss before 
Knoxville was many times greater than General Burnside's, making his entire loss in killed and 
wounded, at the two places, equal to, if not exceeding, that sustained by the United States forces. 

Commanding United States Forces — Major General U. S. GRAKT. 

Commanding Army of the Cumberland — Major General George H. Thomas. 

Commanding lltk and 12th Corps. — Major General J. Hooker. 

Commanding Corps. — Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger, 4th Corps; Maj. Gen. O. O. Howard, lltli 
Goqis;* Maj. Gen. IL W. Slocum, 12th Corps; Maj. Gen. J. M. Palmer, 14th Corps; Brig. Gen. 
W. L. Elliott, Cavalry Corpis. 

Commanding Divisions. — Ma,]. Gen. D. S. Stanley, 1st Div., 4th Corps ; Maj. Gen. A. S. "Williams, 
1st Div., 12th Coqis; Brig. Gen. R. W. Johnston, 1st Div., 14t]i Corps; Colonel E. M. McCook, 1st 
Div., Cavalry Corps ; Maj. Gen. P. H. Sheridan, 2d Div., 4th Corps ; Brig. Gen. A. V. Steinwher, 2d 
Div., 11th Corps; Brig. Gen. J. W. Geary, 2d Div., 12th Corps; Brig. Gen. J. C. Davis, 2d Div., 
14th Corps ; Brig. Gen. Geo. Crook, 2d Div., Cavalry Corps ; Brig. Gen. T. J. Wood, 3d Div., 4th 
Corps; Maj. Gem C. Sluu-z, 3d Div., 11th Corps; Brig. Gen. A. Baird, 3d Div., 14th Corps. 

Part of the Army of the Tennessee. — Major General AV. T. Sherman, Conunanding. 

Commanding Corps. — Major General F. P. Blair, 15th Corps. 

Commanding Divisions. — Brig. Gen. P. J. Osterhaus,t 1st Div., 15th Corps; Brig. Gen. M. L. 
Smith, 2d Div., 15th Corps; Brig. Gen. J. E. Smith, 3d Div., 15th Corps; Brig. Gen. Hugh Ewing, 
4th Div., 15th Corps. 

* The 11th Corps and the 2d Division of tlie 14th Coi-ps reported to General Sherman. ' 

t General Osterhaus's divi-sion reported to General Hooker. 



22 LKGEXU.S Ul' THE Ol-EKATIONS OF 

Cu7ii7nainUng liebtl Aiiny — General Bkaxto.v Bragg. 

Coinma/idlug Wings. — Lieut. Gen. W. J. Hardee, lli^'lit Wiqg; Miij. Gen. J. C. Breckinridge, 
Lett Wing; Miij. Gen. J. Wlieeler, Cavidrv. 

Commanding J}iviaions. — Maj. Gen. P. K. Clel)urne, Maj. Gen. B. V. Clieathain, Brig. Gen. 
S. R. Gist, Maj. Gen. C. L. Stevenson, llij^lit Wing; Muj. (ren. A. P. Stewart, Maj. Gen. S. B. 
Buckner, Brig. Gen. P. Andei-bun, Brig. Gen. Lewis, Left Wing; Brig. Gen. J. A. Wliiu-ton, Brig. 
Gen. W. Martin, Cavalry. 



.M.\.l. (iEN. A. i:. BURNSIDE'S EAST TENNESSEE CAMPAKiX.- 

Tlie Arni^- of the Oiiiu, under General Biu-nside, consisted of the Ninth Coqis, Maj. Gen. J. G. 
Purke, conynanding, and the Twenty-third Corps, Maj. Gen. Geo. L. ILirtsntf, commanding. 

Tlw movement into Ea.st Tennessee was eonsiderahly delayed by the detachment of the Ninth Corps 
fur the re-enforcement of General Grant before Vieksbiirg. The necessity of co-oj)erating with General 
liosecrans, who had begun his movement against Chattanooga, compelled General Burnside to take the 
lield before the return of the Ninth Corps. 

He advanced with the Twenty-third Corps, in three colunms; accompanying in person. General 
Carter's division, via Loudon and Williamsburg, to Chitwood, Tennessee, where he met General Hart- 
sutr, who liad advanced with one division of his corps via Somerset. Moving forward to Montgomery, 
he was joined by General White's division from Columl)la, Kentucky, via Creelsboro, Albany, and 
Jamestown. General White was joined on the march by a brigade of cavahy from Glasgow, Ky. 
From ilontgomery, General Burnside advanced with his main force dii'ectly on Kingston, preceded by 
General Carter's cavalry division, in three columns; one column, under General Sliacklcford, took 
possession of Loudon, the rebels, under Buckner, evacuating the place upon liis approach, and burning 
the railroad bridge over the Tennessee River; another column, under Colonel Foster, moved directly 
on Knoxvilie, entering the place without opposition; the third column moved on Kingston in advance 
of the infantry. Seniliug General White's division to Loudon to relieve General Shackleford's cavalry, 
General Bin-nside moved forward to Knoxvilie. A small column, under General DeCourcey, had 
uuirched from Kentui-ky directly on Cumberland Gap, occupied by a rebel force under General Frazer. 
liy a rai)id march from Knoxvilie on that place, with a considerable body of cavalry and one brigade of 
infantry. General Burnside cut off Frazer's retreat and forced him to surrender, which he did on the 51th, 
with two thousand men and fourteen pieces of artillery. Simidtaneously with the movement on Cum- 
berland Gap, a colnnm of cavalry, imder Colonel Foster, moved up the valley toward Bristol, meeting 
with strong resistance on tlie part of the enemy. Upon their return from Cumberland Gap, Generals 
Burnside and Sliacklcford re-enforced the column in the valley. Brisk skirmishing was hail with the 
rebels during the 21st and "-'rid of September, at Blountsville. The rebels were defeated and driven 
into Virginia. 

In the month of September, the Ninth Coqis returned from General Grant's army, and j(>inc<l 
General Burnside's t'orces in East Tennessee, talving position at Lenoir. 

On the 8th of Octoiier, the enemy had moved down to P.lue Springs, threatening Bull's Gap, held 
by a brigade of cavalry, supported liy a small body of infantry at Morristown. General r>nrnside sent 
a brigade of cavalry aromid i)y Rogersville to inlercej)! the enemy's retreat, and moved from Knoxvilie, 
to Bidl's Gap with a strong force of infantry and artillery, sending forwiu'd a brigade of cavalry to Blue 
Springs. Some sharp skirmishing was had with the enemy, who were found to be strongly posted. 
I'pon the arrival*»f the infantry on the morning of the 11th, the enemy were charged and driven from 

* CieiicrnI Uuriii<itlv'» canipuign is iiul given us full^' an (Utiimblc for waul ul' dnUi. 



THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 26 

their position in eonfiision. Diiriui;- the night tlie rebels retreated prccipitatclv. On the following 
moruiug infantry and cavalry were .sent in pnrsuit. The intercepting force enconntered the rebels at 
Henderson, but allowed them to pass witli only a sliglit clieck. General Shackleford continued tlie 
pursuit, captui-ing the fort at Zollicofi'er, and driving the rebels from the State. 

After the battle of Wauhatchie, on the night of Octoljer 2Sth, 1863, General Bragg detached 
General Longstreet, with a large force, and sent him into East Tennessee, to operate against General 
Burnside. His advance surprised some small garrisons wliich General Burnside had posted on the south 
side of the Tennessee Kiver, capturing some six or seven hundred prisoners and six guns. 

During the night of the 5tli of November, the rebel . General Sam. Jones, with two Ijrigades of 
cavalry, made a forced march down the Holston Kivei- Yalley to Kogersville. The next morning he 
surprised the garrison at that place, capturing a number of prisoners; the main part of the garrison 
escaped by swimming the river. Upon the approach of General Longstreet's forces. Brig. Gen. Julius 
White, commanding the Second Division of the Twenty-third Corps, evacuated Loudon, and moved 
his command to the north bank of the Tennessee River. On the night of November 13th, General 
Longstreet crossed the river near Huff's Ferry, driving back General White's pickets. He immediately 
sent a force to oppose Longstreet's advance, biit w-as subsequ«?ntly directed by General Burnside to 
withdraw toward Ivnoxville. At Lenoir he was met by General Burnside, who countermarched the 
column toward LIuif's Ferrj'. The enemy were met aliout two miles from the river, and di'iven back 
into their intrenchmeuts covering the bridge. The next morning General Burnside retreated toward 
Knoxville, closely followed by the enemy, who kept np brisk skirmishing with his rear. He reached 
Campbell's station about noon, November 16th, where Ixis rear guard was so warmly pressed, that he was 
compelled to place his troops ui position and give the enemy battle, while his trains moved to the rear. 
The gromid occupied was a series of comuiantling hills. A severe contest ensiied. The enemy, in 
largely superior force, pressed back his lines to the shelter of his batteries, when a severe artillery fire 
compelled him to retire to the cover of the timber. General Burnside then witlidrew^ his forces to 
another series of commanding hills, half a mile to the rear, where a second hard fight took place, the 
enemy being repulsed. During the night General Burnside withdrew to Knoxville. The enemy 
appeared before that place on the 17th, but he was held off until the nineteentli by the stubborn fighting 
of the cavahy under Brig. Gen. W. P. Sanders, who fell mortally \\-ounded, about 4 p. m. on the ISth. 
In the meantime. General Burnside's troops, directed l>y Captain O. M. Poe, Chief Engineer, had 
covered themselves with defensive works. On the 19th the enemy com})leted the investment. 

SIEGE OF KNOXVILLE. 

Both armies worked constantly and assiduously intrcncliing thi-ir ])ositions. On tlie 24th, the 
enemy's most advanced rifle trenches were carried by the 2d Michigan Infantry, but were subsequently 
regained by fi'esh troops of the enemy. Sharp skirmisliing was kept up during the evening of the 28t!i. 
About 11 p. m. the enemy advanced in force, and pressing back General Burnsides's picket lines, 
estabhshed his advanced hue within aliout one hundred and twenty yards of the northwestern salient of 
Fort Sanders. The skirmishing continued until morning; the guns on the enemy's right keeping up a 
slow cannonade principally directed upon Fort Sanders. At 6 o'chjck a. m., under cover of a fog, the 
enemy made a fierce and determined assault upon Fort Sanders. The assault was most signally repulsed, 
with a loss to the enemy of almost an entire brigade. General Bm-nside's loss was four killed and eleven 
wounded. While the assault was l)eing made on Fort Sanders, and for sometime afterward, severe 
fighting took place on the soutli side of the ri\-er, the enemy being repulsed. The siege continued 
until the morning of December the .'itli, when the enemy retreated eastward. General Burnside being 
re-enforced from General Grant's army. The enemy were pm-sued as far as Bean's Station, but without 
impoi'tant results. 



24 LKGENDS OK TIIK Ol'KHATIONS OK 

Pcndiii{j the seipo of Knoxvillc, tin- iclnl Giiu -nil AVlicckr, with a hirge c-nvalrv tone, nia<le an 
attack iiixm Kiiiffstoii, hehl \>y Cohuii-l livnl, willi a lirijjailc of infuiitrv and airmail lorce <>f cavahT. 
The rt'hfls were repulsed with loijti. 



MAJOR (iKNEIJAI. W. T. SIIKK.MAN'S CAMPAIGNS. 

ATLA^■TA CAiirAUJN. 

On tlie 14th of Man-li, 1SC4, Majiir General "W. T. Sherman was appointed to the eommand of 
the Military Division of the Mississiiipi, conij^risinfj the Army of the Ciinil)erland, Slaj. Gen. G. II. 
Thomas coniinanding ; the Army of the Tennes,see, Maj. Gen. J. B. AlcPherson eommandinjj; and the 
Army of the Ohio, Msij. Gen. J. M. Scholield commantliiiLr; with hcadrpiarters respectively at Chatta- 
nooga, llunt.-iville, and JCnoxville. May Oth, General Sherman's forces were gronjjed as follows : Army 
of the Cnmherland at RiiiiTL'old, Army of tlie Tennessee at Gordon's Mills, Army of the Ohio at Red 
Clav. The enemy, commanded hy General Joseph E. Johnston, lay at Dalton, with Hardee's, llood'e, 
and Polk's corps, and AVheeler's cavalry corps. 

The front approach to Dalton was through Bnzzanl Koost Pass, in lloeky Face Ridge; the enemy 
having strong works on the north front. General Sherman determined to tiuTi the enemy's position, 
and moved McPherson directly on Resaca, via Ship's and Snake Creek Gap.s; Thomas demonstrated 
heavily against B\izzard Roost and Rocky Face Ridge, while Schotield pressed down from the north. 
McPherson fonixl Resaca too strong to be carried l>y assault, and fell back to a strong position neai- the 
west en<l of Snake Creek Gaj); Thomas, with Hooker's and Palmer's corps, moved in support of Mc- 
Pherson, leaving Howard, with the 4th corps and some cavalry, to threaten Dalton in front; Schotield 
followed Thomas; McPherson m(ned on the direct road to Resaca, and drove the enemy into his forti- 
fied lines; Thomas came up on McPherson's left, Scholield on Thomas's left. The enemy abandoned 
Dalton, and General Howard pressed his rear. The rebel army occupied a strong jiosifion behind Camp 
Creek, and the forts at Resaca. General Sweeny crossed the Oostananla at Lay's Ferry, and threatened 
Calhoim. General Garrard moved from Villanow to break the railroad between Calhoun and Kingston. 
McPherson crossed Camp Creek near its mouth and made a lodgment close \ip to the enemy's works; 
Thomas, ])ressing closely along Camp Creek Valley, threw Hooker's and Howard's corps across the head 
of the creek to the main Dalton road, and down it close to Resaca. Schotield came up on his left, and 
a heavy battle cnsueil during the afternoon and evening of the 15th. Hooker drove the enemy from 
several small hills, capturinga battery and many prisoners. Tiie enemy retreated south across the Oostananla 
during the night, and the next morning the whole army started in pursuit ; General Thomas on the 
enemy's heels, M(-Pherson by Lay's Ferry, and General Schotield by obscure roads to the left. General 
Thomas sent Davis to Rome, which he captured. Newton's division struck the enemy's rear guard near 
Adairsville, and had a shaq) tight, but the next morning he was gone; the army]>assed through King- 
ston and found him in force four miles beyond, l»ut as tlie army concentrated .he fell back to Cassville, 
oi>stinately contesting the ground, and sigain retreated dining the night across the Etowah River,holding 
Alhitoona Pass. . 

( Jeneral Shennan resolved to tlank the Psiss, and taking twenty days' rations, he cut loose from the 
railroad and moved for Dalhis. On the 2."»th of May, General Hooker fought a hard battle for a i>oint 
known as iNew Ho|)e Church, where the roads meet, from Ackworth, M:ijietta, and DaUas; he drove 
the enemy iiack to the church, but night setting in he could not get po|.session of the roa<ls. The next 
morm'ng the eniiny was wi-ll intrenched. General JlcPherson moved to Dalhis, General Thoni.is 
deployed against New Hope Church, and (ieneral Schotield moved so as to turn the enemy's right. 
On the 28tli, the enemy assailed McPherson at Dallas, and was severely repulsed. June 1st, Generals 



Tin: ATIMY OF THE CITMIiERLAND. ZO 

Schofield and TIiomM> hkivcmI to the left, covering the roads leading; l)aek to AUatoona and xVekworth. 
General McPherrinn occupied Thomas's position in front of New Hope Churc'h. (ieneral Stonenian 
moved in to the east end of the Pass and General Garrard iiild the west end uf tlie Pass. The army 
continued workingto the left, threatening the enemy's riglit and rear, and on tlie 11th of Jiuie moved 
on Ac-kwortli. The enemy drew off to the east toward the railroad. 

A secondary hase was estahlished at Allatoona Pass, and the railroad huilt up to Ackworth. Gen. 
Blair came up on the 8th of June, with two divisions of tlie 17th corps, and one brigade of cavalry. 
On the 9th, the army moved to Big Shanty. The enemy occupied Pine, Lost, and Kenesaw Moun- 
tains; covering Marietta and the railroad back to Chattahoochee. General MePherson moved toward 
Marietta, General Thomas on Pine and Kenesaw Mountains, General Schofield toward Lost Mountain. 
During a sharp camionade on the 1-ltli, General Polk of tlie reliel army was killed; and that night tlie 
enemy abandoned Pine Mountain, and took position behind a strongly intrenched line along the rugged 
liills connecting Kenesaw and Lost Mountains. Dispositions M'ere made to pierce his lines, and on the 
17th he abandoned Lost Mountain and the line of works connecting it with Kenesaw, and strongly 
posted and intrenched himself with Kenesaw as* his salient, jiis right wing thrown back to co\-er Marietta, 
his left behind Nose Creek. On the 22d, the enemy sallied and made a desperate attack on William's 
division, and a brigade of Hascall's division ; he was terrildy repulsed, leaving his dead and wounded, 
and many prisoners in our hands. This engagement is known as the affair of the "Kulp House." On 
the 27th, General Sherman ordered MePherson to assault the enemy's lines near Little Kenesaw, and 
General Thomas a mile further to the south; both assaults failed, with a loss of nearly three thousand, 
the enemy suffered very little. General Schofield then worked strongly on the enemy's left. On the 
night of July 2d, MePherson was relieved in front of Kenesaw by General Garrard's cavalry, and 
moved toward Nickajack Creek and the Chattahoochee, by the Turner's Ferry road ; that night 
Kenesaw was abandoned by the enemy. Thomas pursued the enemy and found him Ix'hind an 
intrenched line across the road, at Smyrna Camp-meeting Ground, his flaidcs behind Nickajack and 
Rotteuwood Creeks; he had also intrenched a strong tete-du-poiit at the Chattahoochee. Strong 
demonstrations were made down the main road, and along the Nicdcajack Creek, and about Turner's 
Ferry ; the next morning the enemy was gone, and the army moved to the Chattahoochee. 

The enemy lay behind a strong hue beyond the Chattahoochee, covering the raih-oad and pontoon 
Ijridges. General Sherman determined to flank the enemy's position. General Schofield effected a lodg- 
ment on the east Ijank of the Chattahoochee, near the mouth of Soap's Creek. July 7th, General 
Garrard secured the ford at Iloswell. General Thomas sent Newton's division to hold the ford until 
General MePherson could move from the right. General Howard built a bridge at Power's Ferry, 
crossed over July 9th, and took position on Schotield's right. Thus, l)y the 9th, three safe points of 
passage over the Chattahoochee, above the enemy were secured ; with good roads leading to Atlantii. 
On the 10th, the enemy abandoned his position north of the Chattahoochee, at the railroad crossing, 
burned the bridge, and took up a ])Osition behind Peach Tree Creek, his left at the railroad bridge, his 
right in front of Atlanta and covering the approach from Decatur. Tlie main army remained in camp 
on the Chattahoochee until tlie Kitli of July. 

General Rousseau moved from Decatur, Alabama, on the lOtli of July, with a cavalry force 2,000 
strong, to cut the enemy's communications between Opelika and Montgomery. He crossed the Coosa 
River at Ten Isknds on the 14th, whipping Clanton's brigade, passing thence to Talladega; he struck 
the railroad on the 16th at Loachapoka, and destroyed it from Cliehaw Station (wliijiping the enemy 
again at this point) to Opelika, and out two or three miles on the Columbus arid West Point roads, 
about thirty-two miles in all. lie then moved north, and arrived at Marietta on the 22d, having 
sustained a loss not to exceed thirty men. 

On the 17th, the main army ad\anced on Atlanta, the movement l)eing a general right wheel; 
MePherson struck tlie Augusta railroad seven miles east of Decatur, and moved along the railriiad into 



2(j LKOKNUS OF Till: (jrKBATIONS OK 

towni ; ScliofieM inuvcd via Criii^s Kfvs mid Colonel Ilowanl's distillorv ; Tlioiiin* tTOsssotl at Power's 
ftiiil Paice's Kerry l»riil;jfs, ami moved to Peach Tree Creek, crossiiijr it in force liy iiunierons liritlt;es, 
in tace ot"tlie enemy's intrenched lines. On tlie iiOth, tlie army eloseil in, converjjinj; toward Atlanta; 
Tiiomuii on tlie rijrht, Sciioticld iioliliiif; the centre, anil McPliei-son on the left. At 4 jj. ni. the enemy 
Hallicd from iiis woi-ks in force, and fell in line of hattle on the ri;;ht centre, com|io.swl of Ihioker'ri 
corps, Newton's division of Howard's corps, and Johnson's division of Palmer's corps; the encniv wsis 
seven-ly repulsed, leavini; on the field 50(< dea<l, 1,(MM) severely wounded, and many prisoners; his loss 
was aliout "),()(((». (Jeneral Sherman's loss ahout l,r>0(>. (ieneral (Garrard's cavalry ilestroyed tlfe 
Auirnsta railroad to Covinf^ton, and hurned the hridi^cs over the Ulcofauliatchee and Yellow llivei-s, 
rcjoiniii{; the main army on the 23d. On the night of the ilst the enemy abandoned his advanced 
lines and occupied a line of liniohed redoui»t» near Atlanta, which he connected with curtains, strength- 
ened hy ahattis and chevaux-de-frise ; General Sherman ilused in upon him, occupying a circidar line 
ahout two miles from Atlanta. Ahout noon of the 22>! the enemy fell upon McPherson with great 
tiercenoiSs. Hardee's corps liad sallied from Athmta, and hy a wide circuit struck Blair's left Hank, and 
swinig it around until he struck General Dodge's cohinn* in motion. After a severe struggle the enemv 
was repulse<l on tiiis jiart of the line losing heavily. Ahout 4 jt. ni. there was a lull ; soon after the 
enemy assailed Logan's corps, hut after hard Hgiiting was driven from the Held Ity Logan, sup) mrtcd by 
SchoHeM. This terminated flic battle ; General Sherman losing 3,722. Among the killed was Genend 
iMcPherson. The enemy lost about 8,000. 

On the 27tli, General Stoneman, with 5,000 effective cavalry, was ordereclfo move to the left around 
Atlanta to McDoiiough ; and Genend McCook, with 4,0(M) cavalry, was ordered to move b}' the rigiit 
on Kayetfeviilc. On the night of the 2(Sfh, these two commands were to meet at Lovejoy's on the 
Macon railroad and destroy the road effectually. McCook crossed the Chattahoochee at llivertown, 
and moved rapidly on Palmetto Station, AVest Point Itaih-oad, destroying a section of the track ; he 
then moved on Fayetteville, where he caj>tured and burned a train of oOo wagons, killing 800 mules, 
carrying others along, and capturing 250 prisoners. He tlieii struck the railroad at Lovejoy's at the 
time ajipoitited. Hearing nothing of Stoneman, he moved to Newnian, where he was surrounded 
by infantry and cavalry, and was forced to cut his Wiiy out, which he did with a loss of 500 men; the 
rest of his command reached Marietta without further loss. General Stoneman sent Garrard's cavalry 
to Flat Kock, and moved witii the rest of his command to Covington, and tlience downi the east side of 
the Ocmulgee, via Mont icello and Clinton, to East Macon ; he then endeavored to return, but was hemmed 
ill and captured witli TOO of his command, tlie rest escaping. 

On tlie 27th, General Howard assumed command of tlie Army of the Temiessi'e, which was 
shifted from the left to the right. On the 28th the enemy sallied from Atlanta and assailed Logan's 
<!orps with great fury, meeting with a signal repulse; his loss was about 5,iHin, while General Logan's 
loss was about GOO. August Ist, Generals Palmer and Schoficld moved from the left to the right, pro- 
longing the line to near Ea.st Point. About this time Generals Hooker and Palmer resigncil their 
respc(rtive commands: CJeneral Slocum succeeding Hooker, and General Jeff. C. Davis succeeding 
Palmer. General D. S. Stanley succeeded (Jeneral Ilowanl in command of tlie 4tli corps. On the 
5t]i, General Keilly's brigade (Seliofield's army) assaulted the enemy's lines below Ufoy Creek, Imt was 
driven back with ii loss of 40(>: next day General Ilaseall turned the enemy's position, and General 
Schofield advanced hi.s line close up to, and facing, the eni'iiiy below I'toy Creek. About the Kith, the 
enemy's cavalry, under Wheeler, made a raid ujioii General Sherman's commimications. Tlie oppor- 
tunity was .seized to cut the enemy's communications. (Tciieral Kili>atrick, with 5,O0O cavalry, broke 
the West Point Itailroad near Fairlnirn; he then tore up the .Macon road at .lone.-lioro, where he fought 
the enemy successfully and then retired on Decatur. 

General Sliermaii now determined to raise the seige of Atlanta and moved by the right Hank ujMPn 
the enemy's eoiiimuiiications with his whole army, excejpf tlie 20th corps. On the night of the 25th, 



THE ARMY OF THE CUMllKRLAND. 27 

Geueral Stanley withdrew t'roin the left, an<l nmvi'il to a position below Proctor's Creek. General 
Williams, Adtlithe 20th corps, witlidrcw t<i tlie intrcuc-hed position at Cliattaliooclioe. On the niglir of 
the 26tli, General Howard moved \>y .1 circuit toward S:iiidfo\\n, an<l across Camp Crcclc. General 
Thomas moved lielow TTtoy Creel-;, General Si-lioiicid remained in ]iosition. Iloward then moved on 
the West Point llailroad al)ove Fairhnrn, Thomas ahont lied Oak, and Schofield closed in near "Digs 
and Minis;" the railroad was completely destroyed for twelve and a liah" miles, and the army then moved 
on the Macon road, Howard on the right toward Joneshoro ; Thomas on the centre liy Shoal Creek 
Clmrch, to Couch's; Schotield on the left toward Rough-and-Ready. On the 31st, the enemy came 
out of his lines at Joneshoro and attaeked Howard, hut was repulsed, losing about 2,500 men. Sep- 
tember 1st, Thomas moved down toward Joneshoro, Schotield moving down on his left ; General Davis 
assai;lted the enemy's lines, carrying them and capturing most of Govan's brigade. Schofield and 
Stanley did not get up in time to jiarticipate in the attack; the next moiuiing the enemy was gone ; a 
general pursuit was ordered. General Thomas on the left of the railroad, Howard on the right, and 
Schofield keeping about two miles to the east. The enemy was found in an intrenched piosicion near 
Lovejoy's Station. It was now learned that tlie enemy abandoned Atlanta on the niglit of September 
1st, and that General Shicum had moved up from the Chattahoochee and taken possession of the city. 
The army then moved back to the camps selected. General Thomas's army camping about Atlanta, 
General Howard's army about East Point, and General Schofield's army aliont Decatur. 

Geueral Sherman started on the campaign with the following forces : 

Army of the Cund)erland : infantry, 54,508; artillery, 2,377; cavalry, 3,828; total, 60,773; 
guns, 13i>. Army of the Teimessee : infantry, 22,437; artillery, 1,404; cavalry, 624; total, 24,465; 
guns, 96. Army of the Ohio: infantry, 11,183; artillery, 67'.»; cavalry, 1,697 ; total, 13,559; guns, 
82. Grand aggregate — troops, 9S,797; guns, 254. 

Commandinfj Ariny of the Cumberland — Maj. Gen Geo. H. Thomas. 

Commanding Coqis. — Maj. Gen. O. O. Howard,* 4th Corps ; Maj. Gen. J. M. Palraei-,t l^tli 
Corps; Maj. Gen. Jos. Hooker, { 2()tli Corps; Brig. Gen. W. L. Elliott, Cavalry Coi'ps. 

Commanding Divisions. — Maj. Geu. D. S. Stanley, || 1st Div., 4tli Corps ; Brig. Gen. R. W. 
Johnson, § 1st Div., 14th Corps; Brig. Gen, A. S. Williams, H 1st Div., 20th Coi-ps ; Colonel E. M. 
McCook, 1st Div., Cavalry Corps; Maj. Geu..John Newton, 2d Div., 4th Coi-ps; Brig. Gen. Jeft". C. 
Davis, ** 2d Div., 14tli Corps; Brig. Gen. J. W. Geary, 2d Div., 20th Corps; Brig. Gen. K. Garrard, 
2d Div., Cavalry Corps; Brig. Gen. T. J. Wood, 3d Div., 4th Corps; Brig. Gen. A. Bau-d, 3d Div., 
14th Corps; Maj. Gen. D. Butterfield, ft 3d Div., 20th Corps; Colonel W. W. Lowe,tt 3d Div., 
Cavalry Corps; Maj. Gen. L. H. Rousseau, 1||| 4th Div., 20th Corps; Brig. Gen. A. C. Gillem,|||| 4th 
Div., Cavalry Corps. 

' July 27th, Maj. Gen. O. O. Howard appointed to the command of the Army of the Tenne.seee. 
t August 6th, Maj. Gen. Palmer resigned command of the 14th Corps. 
J July 27tli, Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker resigned the command of the SOth Corp-). 

II July 27tli, Maj. Gen. D. S. Stanley appointed to the command of the 4th Corps. July 27th, Colonel William M. Grose 

assumed command of the Ist Division, 4th Corps. August 3d, Brig. Gen. N. Kimball assumed command of the let Division, 4th Corps. 

§ June 13th, General Johnson was wounded and Brig. Gen. J. H. King took command of the division. July 13th, General 

Johnson resumed command of his division. August 7th, Brig. Gen. R. W. Johnson assumed command of the 14th Corps. August 

17th, Brig. Gen. W. P. Carlin assumed command of the Ist Division, 14th Corps. 

H July 27th, Brig. Gen. h.. S. Williams assumed command of the 20th Corps. 

** August 22d, Bvt. Maj. Gen. J. C. Davis assumed command of the 14th Corps. August 22d, Brig. Gen. J. D. Morgiin assumed 
command of the 2d Division, 14th Corps, 

tt June 29th, Maj. Gen. W. T. Ward succeeded General Butterfield in command of 3d Division, 20th Corps. 
U Brig. Gen. .7. Kilpatrick relieved Colonel Lowe hefore the division started upon the campaign. May 13th, Brig. Gen. J. 
Kilpatrick was wounded and Colonel C. H. Murray took command of the division. May 21st, Colonel W. W. Lowe assumed com- 
mand of the 3d cavalry division. 

nil Generals Rosseau's and Gillem's divisions did not take part in the campaign being on duty in Middle Tennessee. General 
Rousseau Commanded District of Jliddle Tennessee. 

August 27th, Maj. Gen. H. W. Slocum appointed to the conmiand of the 2(lth Corps. 



28 LKUKXDs OK Tin: orr.KATioxs of 

Comiiiaitilliuj Aniiij of the Tenntsuce. — M:ij. (leii. J. I'. ^IcPiikkson.* 

Coiinnuntliiiff C(//y>«.— Maj. Geii. Jnlni A. Lojjaii, 15tli Cor|>8; Maj. Gen..iT. ^[. Dmljie, lOtli 
C'i)r|is; Maj. Gen. F. P. Blair, 17tli Corps; Brij;. Geu. U. II. Gricrsi^n, Cavalry Corps. 

CommitiH/i/iij Dioimonn. — Brij;. (tcii. I*. J. ()iitc'rliaii.«, 1st I)iv., l.")tli Corps; lirig. Cicii. J. A. 
Mower, 1st Div., lOtli Cor)is; Brijr. Gl-ii. C. S. Duvin, l.-t Div., ITtli Corps; Brig. Gun. E. ilat.li,t 
1st Div, Cavalry Crps; Brii,'. Gtn. W. V>. llazen, 2(1 Div., l.Jtli Crps; Brig. Gen. J. M. Corse, lM 
Div., 10th Corps; Colonel K. F. Winsl.iw,t 'id Div., Cavalry Corps; Brig. Gen. J. E. Smith, 3(1 
Div., 15tl» Corps; Brig. Gen. A. J.Sniitli,t -'M Div., ICth Corps; Brig. Gen. M. D. Leggett, 3il Div., 
17th Corps; Brig. Gen. W. Harrow, 4th Div., l.')th Coriis; Brig. Gen. J. M. Tuttle.t 4th Div., 16th 
Corps; Brig. fren. S. A. yniith, 4tli J>iv., ITtli Corps. 

Coiinnaiiiliiiij Aninj of the Ohio — Maj. Gen. J. M. Scikikiki.k. 

CuiainandiiKj Corjm. — Maj. Gen. .1, M. SelinlieM, l!;!il Corps; Maj. (Ten. Geo. Stimeinan, Cavalry 
Corps. 

CominanJi'ny Dlvinionis. — 2(1 Div., Brig. Gen. M. S. Ilaseall; 'M\ Div., Brig. Gen. J. D. Cox; 4th 
Div., Brig. Gen. Aniinen ;{ 5th Div., Maj. Gen. S. G. Burl)riilge.|| 

Comma iidhifj Brigades. — 1st Brig. Cav., Col. I. (iarrard ; 2d Brig. Cav., Cul. J. Biddle;? ?A 
Brig. Cav., Colonel II. Capron ; Ind. Brig., Colonel A. II. IIolnian.§ r 

Cominandlng liihel Anay — General J. E. Johnston.*" 

Commanding Coi~ps. — Lieut. Gen. W. J. Hardee; Lieut. Gen. Polk ;** Lieut. Gen. J. B. Ilond; 
r>rig. Gen. G. W. Smith ; Maj. Gen. J. AV'heelcr, Cavalry Corps. 

Commanding Divisions. — Maj. Gen. B. F. Cheatham ; Maj. Gen. ^\^ W. Luring; Maj. (Ten. 
C. L. Stevenson ; Maj. Gen. P. U. Clerljurne ; Maj. Gen. S. G. French; Maj. Gen. T. C. Ilindnian; 
Maj. Gen. W. B. Bate-; Maj. Gen. E. C. "Walthall, "lilaj. Gen. A. P. Stewart." 

Commanding Brigaded. — Brig. Gen. Carswell ; Brig. Gen. Ajideivon ; Brig. Gen. Philli[is. 

Commanding Caadry. — Maj. Gen. AV^. Jackson ; Bi-ig. Gen. W. Martin. 

G E( ) IIG I A C A M PA IG N. 

AVhile resting his iiriny, alter the fall of Atlanta, and making prcparatinns for a future eam]>aign, 
General Sherman strengthened his rear h}' .sending Genend Wagner's division of the 4th Corps, and 
(-leneral Morgan's division of the 14tii Corps, hack to Chattanooga, and Corse's division of the l.">th 
Corps to Rome. 

The enemy moved westward from Lovejoy's Station, .and aliout the 1st of Octoher crossed the 
Chattahoochee, and h}' a ra}iid movement g«.)t on the railroad in the vicinity of Big Shanty, destroying 
many miles. 

Leaving (iencral Slocimi, witli the 20th Corjis, to hold Atlanta and the railroad liridge across the 
Chattahoochee, General Sherman, with the 4tii, 14tli, l.'plli, ITth, and 2;!(1 Coips, and two divisions of 

* Muj. Gen. McPlicrson wag killed on tlio 22<1 iluy of .July. Maj. Gcu. O. 0. Howard a»i<uined command of tlio Armv of tlie 
TenncHne on the ii7tli day of July, 
t (Jn duly in West TeniicH»ei'. 

Till' cliaiigc'H occurring diiriii|{ tli(> campaifrn, in diviBion commandort", are not given fir want (if d.ita. 
! (icnenil Aininxn Commanded District of Kant TennesBee. 

II Cienoral llurbridpe'ii divixion lield Kentucky. Gnn. ISurbridpe Commanded District of Kintuiky. 
$ On duty in ICant 'I'eniiomoc. 

H Siipemedcd at Atlanta by Gen. J. B. Hood: Lieut. Gen. S. D. Lee nuceceding Roml in tlie command of tlie corp(». 
■" Killed ; Lieut. Gen. A. P. Stewart Buceeeding to the command of the corps. 



THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 29 

cjiviilry, followed hard after the encmv. Anticipating an attack iijjon Allatoona, General Sherman, by 
sii;'nal and telegraph, ordered its re-enforcenient from lionie. General Corse readied Allatoona with a 
lirio-ade dm-ing the night of the -tth, and took c<muuand ; on the morning of the 5th, French's division 
of Ilood.'s army assaulted the position, and was repulsed with severe loss. General Sherman, on arriving 
at Kenesaw Mountain, pushed the 2:3d Corps due west, toward the road from Allatoona to Dallas, 
threatening the enemy's rear. This caused iiim to withdraw, and feigning on Itome, he crossed the 
Coi.isa river eleven miles helow. Moving through Allatoona Pass, General Sherman reached Rome 07i 
the 11th, and pushed the 23d Corps and Garrard's cavalry across the Oostanaula, to threaten the flanks 
of the enemy passing north. Tlie enemy, moving witli rapidity, attacked Resaca and was repndsed, 
but he succeeded in In'ealdng the raih'oad from Tilton to the tunnel, and in capturing the garrison of 
Dalton. "^ 

Arriving at Resaca on the evening of the l-tth. General Sherman sought to strike Hood in flank, 
or f irce him to battle. General Howard moved to Snake Creek Gap, held by the enemy, and opened 
skirmisliing to jiohl him, Avhile General Stanley, with the ith and 14th Corps, coidd get in his rear; but 
the enemy witlidrew to Ship's Gap, and upon being attacked there retired on Lafayette, and subsequently 
on Gadsden. General Sherman pushed into the valley of the Chattanooga and continued the pursuit, 
the Army of the Tennessee moving by Lafayette and Alpine, the Army of the Cmnberland by Sum- 
merville and Melville, the Army of the Ohio Ijy Yillanow, Dirt To\ni, and Gover's Gap. On the lOtli, 
all of tlie armies were grouped about Gaylcsville, and General Sherman remained there watcliing-tlie 
movements of the enemy. On the 2fith of October, Hood having moNisd westward across the Sand 
Mountains, the 4th Corps, General Stanley, was ordered to proceed to Chattanooga and report to 
General Thonuis. On the 30th, the 23d Corps, General Schotield, moved from Resaca with the same 
destination ; and full piower was delegated to General Tliomas .over all troops in the military division, 
save thiise M'liich were to take part in the Georgia campaign. 

ILxid nuide a strong feint on Decatur, Alabama, and tlien passed on to Tuscuml)ia, and laid a 
pontoon bridge opposite Florence. 

General Sherman then made prejiarfitions for the Georgia campaign. The Array of the Tennessee 
moved back on the south side of the Coosa to the vicinity of Smyrna Camp Ground. The 14th Corps 
moved to Kingston, from which jioint the sick and wounded, and surplus baggage and artillery, were 
sent to Chattanooga. The railroad in and about Atlanta, and between the Etowah and Chattahoocliec, 
was destroyed. The garrisons from Kingston northward drew back to Chattanooga, taking with them 
all pul)lic property and i-ailroad stock. On the 14th November, General Sherman's army was concen- 
trated at Atlanta, cut ofi' from all ci:)mmunication with the rear. 

MOVEMENT TO THE COAST. 

General Howard with the right wing, and the cavalry division under Brig. Gen. Kilpatrick, moved, 
via McDonough, to Gordon, where they arrived on the 23d, the cavalry having made a strong feint on 
Macon. General Slocum, with the 20th Corps, moved, via Decatiu' and Madison, l)reaking the railroad 
from Social Circle to Madison, and Inu-ning the railroad bridge across the Oconee, east of Madison, 
turning thence south he reached Milledgeville on the 23d. General Sherman, with the 14th Corps, 
raider General Davis, moved, via Covington, directly on Milledgeville. From Gordon, General Howard 
moved to Sandersville, destroying the railroad to Tennille Station. General Slocum moved from 
Milledge^^lle to Sanders^^lIe, whore some skirmishing was had vrith Wheeler's cavalry. General 
Kilpatrick moved i'rom Gordon to Milledgeville, and thence to Waynesboro, afterward retiring to Louis- 
ville, to meet General Slocum who had reached that point; the 20th Coi'ps having destroyed the 
raih'oads as far as the crossing of the Ogeechee River. General Shernuui, with the ITtli Corps, General 
Blair, moved on tlie south side of the railroad, while General Howard, with the loth Corps, General 
Osterhaus, kept further to the right. Gen. Kilpatrick returned from Louis\-ilic toward Wa}iiesl)oro, 



30 LKGEXDS OF TIIK OPKKATIOXS OF 

siipjioftfil l.y Biiird's division of the 14tli Cor)>!i, encountering; AVIieeler at Tlionuis's Station, lie attacked 
and dP'Vc him from his liarriiade. The army moved toward Savaimali as follows: General Davis \-ia 
Lanipkin's Station an<l down the Savannah Kiver liuad ; (General Sloeuni witli tlie 2<>th Corps, (tcneral 
Williams, on tlic middle road via Sprinj^field; General Blaii- along the railroad, and General Howard 
sDUtli and west of tlic ( )i;eeehee. By the 10th of Deccniher the enemy wa> driven within his lines at 
Savannah, and measures were taken for the investment of the city. General Slierman directed General 
Ila/en, eonnuandinj; the 2d I)ivir<ion (tf the 14tli Corps, to cross to the west side of the O-jeechee, and 
move down and earn- Fort McAllister by assault, whicli was successfully acconiplishefl on the IStli of 
Decemlier, and coinmtniii-ation was opened with the tlect. Preiiaratiuns were then made to carry 
Savannah by assault, hut tlie enemy evacuated the city on tlie nii;;ht of tiie 20tli, and General Sherman 
took possession on the 21st, thus securing avast amount i«f i>ul)lic property, and a base for futm'c 
operations. 

VuiiuaandiiKj United Staten Forcen — Jlajoi- General W. T. Sukkman. 

Comviatiding ir/z^i/.y.— Maj. Gen. 0.0. Howard, IliL'lit Wing ; Maj. Gen. 11. W. Slocum, Left 
Winjr. 

Cvmmaniling Cttijus. — Maj. Gen. P. II. Osterhaus, l.")tii Coi-]>s ; ilaj. Gen. F. P. Blair, 17th 
Corps; Bvt. Brig. Gen. J. C. Davis, 14tli Coips; Brig. Gen. A. S. AVilliams, 20th Corps; Brig- 
Gen. J. Kilpatrick, Cavalry. 

Cammnnding Divisions. — l.")th Corps, Brig. Gen. C. II. Wood; Brig. Gen. W. IV Ilazen; Brig. 
Gen. J. M. Cor.se; Brig. Gen. J. E. Sniitli. ITtii Cor].:-, Maj. Gen. J. Mower ; Brig. Gen. :^[. D. 
Leggett ; Brig. Gen. Giles A. Smith. 14th Corps, Brig. Gen. W. P. Carlin ; Brig. Gen. J. D. Morgan ; 
lirig. Gen. A. Baird. 2Ut]i Corps, Brig. Gen. X.J. Jack-un ; Brig. {4en. J. W. Geary; Brig. Gen. 
W. T. Ward. 

CA.MI'AKiN OF TIIK CAUOLINAS. 

By the ir)th of January, General Siicrman wiis ready to march northward. Preliminary to this, 
the 17th Corps iiad embarked at Tluniderbolt, and been transported to Beaufort, from wlience it made 
a lodgment on the Charleston Railroad near Pocotaligo. Before the time api>ointed for the advance 
of the left wing. General Slocinn, and the cavahy. General Kilpatrick, tlie Savannah River had become 
so swollen as to overflow the whole bottom, the Union Causeway being four feet underwater. General 
Slocum therefore moved up to Sister's Ferry, but there the river with its overflowed bottoms was three 
miles wide, anil he did not succeed in crossing his M'liole command until the first week of Febniiyy- 
In the meantime, Genei-al Grant had sent Grovcr's division of the lOtli Corits to garrisfni Savannah, 
and had re-enforced the connnands of Generals Terry and Palmer, operating on the coast of North 
Carolina, liy tlic 23d Cor[>s, General Schofield, from Tennessee. General Foster, commanding the 
Department of the South, was instructed to follow General Sherman's movement and occupy the city 
of Charleston, and such points along the coast sis would be of military value. The capture of Fort 
P'isher and the forts at the mouth of the Cajic Fear River gave an additional point of security on the 
coast. General Sherman determined to move directly on Gold.sboro and open conununication with the 
sea by the Newbern Railroad. Ilanng had a conference at Hilton Head with Admirsd Dahlgren and 
General Foster, he joined the 17th Corjis at Pocotaligo on the 24th. Hatch's Division of Foster's 
coinmaiul moved from the Tidlafniney and Coosawhatchie Rivers to Pocotaligo, and feigned crossing 
the Salkehatchic, while tin- right wing moved up to River's and Beautonl's Bri<lgcs. The enemy held 
the liiu' of the Salkehalchie, but (ienerals Mower's and Giles A. Sn'iith's divisions of the 17th Coqis 
carried I liver's bridge, and the enemy retreated behind the Edisto, at Branchville. The 15th Corps 
hail advanced by different routes to Hickory Hill, and thence to Beaufort's Bridge. The eiu-my, 
apprehending an advance on Branchville, burned the railroad bridge, and Walker's Bridge below, across 



THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAKD. 31 

the Edisto. From the 7th to the 10th of Fel)ru;irv, tli^' raih-o:ul was destrojed from the Edisto to 
Windsor. Iii the meantime, General Ivilpatrick iiad adxanced to BhieicviUe, and then tm'uing toward 
Aiken, threatened Augusta, skirmishing lie^vily witli Wheeler's cavalry at Blackville. The right wing 
advanced on Orangebm-g; tlie 17th Corps,, crossing the South Fork of the Edisto at Biunaker's Bridge, 
moved on the direct road ; the loth Corps, crossing at liolman's bridge, moved in support. 

The 17th Coqis drove the enemy from Orangeburg, pusliing him across the Congaree, and forcing 
him to bm-u the liridges. The raili-oad was destroyed at Le\visville, and the 17th Corps marclied on 
Columbia by the State road. Tlie 1.5tli Corps advanced on a country road to the left, and on the loth 
of February encountered the enemy at Congaree Creek ; speedily dislodging liim the march was resimied. 
On the morning of the 18th, the head of the cohtmn reached the bank of the Congaree Eiver opposite 
Columliia ; but the enemy ha\Hng burned the I)ridge, the column moved three miles above and crossed 
the Saluda at the Factory, and afterward the Broad llivei-, so as to enter Columbia from the north. 
The left ^\^ng and the cavalry crossed the Edisto at New and Guignard's Bridges, and advanced on 
Columbia by different roads, to the left of the right \ring, the head of the column reaching the bank of 
the Congaree, opposite Columbia, \\-ithin an hour after the arrival of the head of the right ^\^ng. The 
left -wing and the cavahy crossed the Saluda at Zion Church; the infantry movmg directly on Winns- 
boro, wliile the cavahy bore olf to the left, passing through Alston and thence to Blackstakes Depot, 
the railroad and the bridges aliout Alston were destroyed en route. General Slocum caused the rail- 
road to he destroyed from Winnsboro to Blackstakes, and drawing otf to the right, crossed the Catawba 
and advanced on Sueedsboro, the 20th Corps sldrmishing with the enemy's cavalry at Chesterfield. 
The cavalry, keeping on the left flank of the infantry, passed through Lancaster, demonstrating toward 
Charlotte, and then bearing to the right, continued on the left flank and crossed the Yadkin at Sueeds- 
boro. In the meantime the right wing had destroyed the railroad from Columbia to "Winnsboro, and 
crossing the Catawl)a at Ray's Ferry, advanced on Cheraw, the 17th Corps crossing Lynch's Creek at 
Yoimg's Bridge, and the loth Corps ly Tiller's and Kelly's Bridges. On the 3d of March, the 17th 
Corps entered Cheraw, the enemy retreating across tlie Pedee and liurning the bridges. Much public 
]iroperty was destroyed at Cheraw. The columns were again put in motion directed on Fayette\ille, 
North Carolina ; the right \\-ing crossing the Pedee at Cheraw, the l-tth Cor[)S crossing at Sneedsljoro. 
The different corps advanced on separate roads, the cavalry keeping well on the left flank. On the night 
of the 9th of March, General Kilpatrick's three lirigades were chvided to picket the roads; General 
Hampton detecting this, attacked Colonel Spencer's brigade at daylight, surprising the command ; but 
General Kilpatrick rallied his men, and by a prompt and vigorous attack regained his artillery, hoiaes, 
and camp. On the 11th, the l-lth and 17th Corps reached Fayetteville, skirmishing with Hampton's 
cavahy, that covered the rear of Hardee's army, which retreated across the Cape Fear Iliver, burning 
the bridge. At Fayetteville :i \ast amount of public property of all kinds was destroyed. Hitherto, 
Gener.al Sherman had succeeded in interposing ' his superior army between the scattered parts of the 
enemv ; but now General J. E. Johnston had concentrated his forces upon General Sherman's front and 
left flank. 

On the 12th of March, General Sherman ordered General Terry, at Wilmington, and Genei-al 
Schofield, at Newljern, to move vdth their commands on Goldsboro, endea\-oring to meet him there on 
or about the 20th. The cohmms moved out of Fayetteville on the 15th, General Slocum, ^\•ith four 
divisions of the left wing, proceded by the cavahy, advanced to\vard Averaslioro ; the two remaining 
(hnsions of the left wing, and the train, took the direct road to Goldsboro. General Howard moved 
on roads to the right, holding four divisions hght, ready to march to the assistance of the left •s\'ing, and 
senchng his trains toward Faison's Depot. General Kilpatrick encountered the enemy's rear near 
Taylor's Hole Creek, skirnn'shing heavily. On the morning of the Itith General Slocmu advanced his 
infantry cohmms and developed tlie enemy under Hardee, with infantry, artillery, and cavalry, in an 
intrenched position where the mad branches off towards Goldsboro. The enemy's first fine was carried. 



32 LF,GEX]>.s ov Tin: oi-ekations ok 

and lie was furcod liack into liis seciiiid and stronjrcr line, and |)ros.«ed so liard that he withdrew during 
the niirht and retreated on Sniitlitield. (ieneral Sloeinn lust in this attair, known as the hattle of 
Averashoro, 77 killeil and 477 wounded. Tiie enemy's loss ean he inferred i'roni his dead, KiS left on 
the tield. The main ImmIv of the ]v\\ winj; turned to the ri^dtt takinjr the <iold.-hi>ro road, while General 
Ward's division ]>ursued the enemy throiiiih Averasl)oro, rcjoinini; the main column heyond that plaee 
on the Bentoiiville road. 

On the Iftth of Mari'li, General Carlin's <livisi()n hein^' tlie advance of tlie left wing, eneoimtered 
Dihhrill's cavalry division, and driving it liack, devoloiiod, near Bentonville, the whole rehel army under 
General Johnston. General Slojuim prom] it ly deployed his force, two divisions of the 14th Corps, General 
Davis, on the right, and two divisions of the 2l)th Corps, General Williams, on the left. A line of li:irri- 
cadcs was hastily prepared. General Kilpatrick came up and massed on the left. The enemy made six 
distinct assaults upon General Slocum's line hut failed to carry it at a single point. During the night 
General Sloeum got up his two remaining divisions and his wagon train, ■iin<l General Ila/en's division 
of the ir)th Corps. The right wing moving to the relief <>f the left, found its approach opposed hy a 
eonsidcrahle hoily of rehel cavalry hehiiid a barricade at the forks of the road near Bentonville; the 
enemy's cavalry was speeilily dislodged, and General Iloward moved-forward and connected his left with 
General Slocum's right. The enemy had thrown hack his left Hank, and had constructed a line of parapet, 
(•onnecting with that in front of General Slocnm, in the form of a bastion, its salient on the main Golds- 
boro road, interposing between General Sloeum on the west and General Iloward on the east, while 
the Hanks rested on Mill Creek, covering the i-oad back to Smithfield. By 4 p. m. of the 20th, a strong 
hue of battle confronted the enemy in his intrenched position, placing him upon the defensive, the 
skirmish line pressing him steadily. On the 21st, the skirmish line warmly attacked the enemy from 
left to right, carrying it almost to a general engagement. The same day General Schofield entered 
Goldshoro, and General Terry got possession of the Neuse Eiver at Cox's Bridge, ten miles aljove; 
thus, the three armies made connection. During the night of the 21st, the enemy retreated to Smith- 
lield. General Shermsm lost in the battle of Bentonville 101 killed, 1,108 wounded, and 287 missing; 
total, 1,»!4(I. The enemy left 207 dead on the field, and lost in prisoners 1,025; his loss in woimded not 
known. 

< )ii the 2:)ril the armies were jilaced in camp. On the 25th the Ncwburn railroad was tinished, 
affording a channel of supjily. The object of the campaign was now accomplished, and Gen. Siiei'man's 
army was in a pifsition to take an apjiropriate part in further military operations. 

C'oi/uiuiitdi/iff United States Forces— ^\\\y Gen. W. T. Siikkmax. 

Coiiimanding Winfjs. — ]\Iaj. Gen. O. (). Ilowai'd, Hi Jit Wing; }sh\\. Gen. II. W. Slocuiii, Left 

Wi"f,'. _■ . . ■ 

Cmmnanding Co7y7s. — Maj. Gen. J. A.' Logan, 15tli Cor|)S ; Maj. Gen. V. P. Blair, 17th Corps; 
Brv't Maj. Gen. J. C. Davis, 14th Corps; Brig Gen. A. S. Williams, 2nth Corps ; Brig. (4eii. Kilpatrick, 
Cavalry Division. 

Cmiiminxliny Dtt'isioiis. — Brig. (-ien. C. It. Wood, Brig. (-Jen. W. B. Ila/.en, Brig. Gen. J. M. 
Corse, Brig. (leii. J. E. Smith, 15th Corps ;"Maj. Gen. J. Mower, Brig. Gen.]\I. D. Leggett, Brig. Gen. 
(iilcs A. Smith, 17th Corps; Brig. Gen. A\^ B. Carlin, Jhig. Gen. J. D. Morgan, Brig. Gen. A. Baird, 
14tli Corjis; Brig. Gen. N. J. Jackson, Brig. Gen. J. W. Geary, Brig. Gen. AV. T. Ward, 20th Corps. 

CAMl'AKiN ENDING IN THE STRRENDERoF GENERAL J. E. .lOllNSTON 

AND ins ARMV. 

'J'hc batiks at I'ctcrsburg, bctwt'iii Generals Grant and Lee, determined General Slii-riiian to 
attempt the capture or destruction of General Johnston's army, instead of advancing on Burksville, 
interposing between Lt'e and Johnston, as he had ]irevioiisly intended. 



THE AUMY OF THK CUMBKRLAND. 33 

On the inoriiiiig of the lOtli of April, 1865, General Slicnnau's army was in motion against the 
eneniv. General Sloeum advancing directly on Sniitlitield ; General Howard mailing a circuit to the 
right, and feigninguj) the Weldon road, to disconcert the enemy's cavalry ; Generals Terry and Kilpatrick 
moving on the west side of Neiise liiver, and aiming to reacli the enemy's rear between Smithtield and 
JRaleigh ; General Schohekl followed General Sloeum in support. The enemy's cavalry oflered some 
resistance to the advance but %vas swept back without delay, and l)y 10 a. m. of the 11th tlie 14th Corps 
entered Smithiield, closely followed by the 20tli Corps. Johnston had retreated on Raleigh. 
General Sherman drojjped his trains and marched rapidly in pursuit, reacliing Ualeigh on the morning 
of the 13th. Tiie next day the cavalry pushed on to Durham's Station, the loth Corps followed as 
for as Morrisville Station, and the 17th Corps to Jones' Station. Believing General Johnston tied 
to the railroad l)y Hillsboro, Greensboro, Salisbury, Charlotte &c., as a line of retreat. General 
Sherman turned the other columns across the bend of that road towards Ashl>oro. 

By the 15th, General Sloeum liad the l-ttli Corps, General Davis, near Martha's Vineyard, 
the 20th Corps, General Mower, in support, with a pontoon bridge laid across Cape Fear Iliver at 
Aven's Ferry. General Howard had the 15th and 17th Corps on the road towards Fittsboro, ■\\'liilst 
Kilpatrick held Durham's Station and Chapel Hill University. Johnston's army was retreating 
from Hillsboro to Greensboro, he liimself at Greensljoro. 

At the request of General Johnston, a short truce was agreed upon between himself and General 
Sherman, and a day appointed for an interview, to consider terms for the surrender of General Johnston 
and his army. During the 17th and 18th of April a memorandum, as a Itasis of surrender, was agreed 
upon and signed by General Sherman and Johnston, and forwarded to the President of the United 
States for appro\al or rejection. Th'e basis of surrender not being satisfactory to the President, new 
terms were substituted, and on the 2Gth of April, 1865, General Johnston, and all forces subject to his 
connnand, surrendered to General Shei'iuan. 

Commanding United States Forces. — Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman. 

Commands. — Maj. Gen. H. W. Sloeum, Maj. Gen. O. O. Howard, Maj. Gen. J. M. Schoheld. 

Commanding Co'rps. — Bv't. Maj. Gen. J. C. Davis, 14-th Corps ; Maj. Gen. J. Mower, 20th Corj)s ; 
Maj. Gen. J. A. Logan, 15th Corps; Maj. Gen. F. P. Blair, 17th Corps; Maj. Gen. A. H. Terry, 10th 
Corps ; Maj. Gen. J. M. Schoiield, 23rd Corps ; Bv't Maj. Gen. J. Kilpatrick, Cavalry Division. 

Commanding Divisions. — Brig. Gen. C. P. "Woolcot, Brig. Gen. J. D. Morgan, Brig. Gen. A. 
Baird, 14th Corps ; Brig. Gen. A. S. WiUiams, Brig. Gen. J. W. Geary, Brig. Gen. W. T. AVard, 20th 
Corps; Brig. Gen. C.P. Wood, Brig. Gen. AY. B. Hazen, Brig. Gen. J. M. Corse, Brig. Gen. J. E. Smith, 
15th Cordis; Brig. Gen. Ford, Brig. Gen. M. D. Leggett, Brig. Gen. Giles A. Smith, 17th Corps; 
Brig. Gen. A'. Ames, Brig. Gen. C* J. Paine, lOth Corps; Brig. Gen. T. H. linger, Maj. Gen. D. M. 
Couch, Maj. Gen, J. D. Cox, 23d Corps. 



MAJOR GENERAL GEORriE II. THOMAS'S CAMPAIGN 

IN THE DEFENSE OF MIDDLE TENNESSEE, AND THE MILITARY OPERxiTIONS 
CONDUCTED PURSUANT TO HIS ORDERS IN CONNECTION THEREAVITH AND 
SUBSEQUENT THERETO, ENDING WITH TIIE CAPTURE OF JEFFERSON DAVIS. 

After the fall of Atlanta, General Sherman's forces were grouped as follows: Army of the Cum- 
berland at Atlanta, Army of the Tennesseeat East Point, and Army of the Ohio at Decatur. On the 
29th of September, the enemy's ca\ahy under Forrest crossed tlic Tennessee River at Waterloo, Ala., 
5 



34 LKGF.NDS OK THE OrERATION.S OF 

and niovi<l on tlie railn.a.lj in Mi.Mlt- Teniiessc-c. Forifst ciiptiired the frarrison at Athens, Alahjuna, 
ami till- tr<«>|>.s sent to its n/lief, ami tlien moved on Pidaski, destroying the railroad as he advanced, 
and cupturing the garrison at Snlphiir IJranch Trestle. Finding Puhiski stul>bornly defeiideil, he moved 
to the Chattanooga Riilroad, and eat it near Tnllahonia, hut he was driven from the road hy (ieiierals 
Konsseau and Steednian before nnich injury had been done. He now divided his eomniand into two 
eolumns, one ••oluinn under Ihiford threatened Iliintsville, and subseiinentlv attacked Athens, which 
General Granger had regarrisoncd. In this attack liiiford was repulsed. The otiier colunni under 
Forrest threatened Columbia. General Thomas arrived at Nashville on the 3d of October, and took 
charge of operations in Tennessee. Forrest's and Buford's commands were vigorously pursued by 
Generals Rousseau, Steedman, Morgan, Washburn, and Croxton, but both made good their escjipe ; 
IJuford crossed the Tennessee llivcr at Brown's Ferry on the 3(1, and Forrest crossed at Bainbridge on 
the Oth. 

Peniling these o]>erations in Tennessee, tiie whole front of affairs in Georgia had uinlcrgonc a 
change. Hood had crossed the Chattanooga River, and with a portion of his army struck the railroad 
at Big Shanty and destroyed ujiwards of twenty miles. On the oth, French's division of his army 
as.satdted Allatoona, meeting with a severe repidse. Hood then made a feint on Rome, and crossing the 
Coosa River below, moved toward Sumnierville and Lafayette, threatening Chattanooga and Bridge- 
j)ort. (General Thomas then made the following dispositions: General Croxton's cavalry brigade was 
directed to watch 'the line of the Tennessee from Decatur to Esustport. General Morgan's division 
moved from Athens to Chattanooga. General Steedman's division moved fromDecat\n- to Bridgeport. 
General Rousseau's troops were concentrated at Athens. 

On the l-2th, the enemy's cavalry attacked Resaca and was rei)ulsed. The same day the garrisons 
at Tumiel Hill, Ringgold, and intermediate points, were withdrawn to Chattanooga. On the 13tli, 
Hood, with one corps of his army, forced the surrender of l)alton,an(l after destroying the railroad and 
telegrai)li line he moved through Nickajack Gap, and rejoining his army near Sunnnerville, moved thence 
to Gadsden. General Sherman leaving the 20th Corps at Atlanta, had closely pnrsued Hood with the 
4th, 14th, 1.5th, and 17th Corps, and on the 19th his army was concentrated about Gaylesville. On 
the 2 1st, Captain J. C. Van Duzer had restored telegrai)liic eomnumication with Atlanta, and on the 
28th, Colonel W. W. Wright had repaired the railroad, and trains commenced rumiing regularly. On 
the 2'Jth, General Sherman ordered the 4th Corps to report to General Thomas, retaining the 14th and 
2<tth Corjis'of General Thomas's army iis a part of his force for the movement through Georgia to the 
coast. The enemy made a strong feint on Decatur, Alaliama, from the 2r)th to the 29th, meeting with 
considerable loss. He then withdrew and connnenced crossing the Tennessee River at the motith of 
(Cypress Creek, It was now plainly evident that Hood intended to advance into Middle Tennessee, 
(teneral Hatch, with his cavalry division, was ordered from CliTton, to the support of Cro.vton, at 
Florences On the 3(»th, the 2;!d Corps was ordered to report to General Thonnis, and he was given 
fidl control over all troops in the Military Division of the Mississipjti, save those which were to accom- 
l>any General Sherman. Wood's division of the 4th Corjis reached Athens on the 31st, closely followed 
liy the other divisions of the corps, (ieneral Schotield was moving up from Resaea with the 23d Corj)s. 
The same day the enemy's infantry ett'ected a lodgment on the north i)aidv of the Tennessee, three miles 
above Florence, anil his cavalry pressed Croxton back to the ciust bank of Shoal Creek. General Stanley 
concentrated the 4th Corps at I'ulaski. In the meantime Forrest concentrated his cavalry on the Ten- 
nesssee River op|)osite Jolmsonville, and ojiened heavily with artillery on the garrison and on the gun 
boats isolated there, causing the destruction of the latter, and a vast amount of public property; he 
then withdrew, and crossing the river fm-ther up, moved toward Clifton. On the .Mb, (ieneral Schotield 
arrived at Na.shville with the advance of the 23d Corps, and proceeded inunediately to Jolmsonville; 
tiniling the enemy gone, he left a sutlicient garrison, and moved with the rest of his troops to Pulaski, 
and assmned connnand of all troops there, (ieneral Tlnnnas strove to retard the enemy's advance until 



THK ARMY OF THE CrMBERLAND. 35 

he could refeive re-enforpcinents. His cft'ective force confrontiiii; the ciieinv at this time was but twenty- 
two thousaiKHiifaiitry and seven thousand seven hundred cavahy. Hood had about forty-two tliousaud 
infantry and thirteen thousand eavahy. General Sherman remained at Kingston until the 11th, and 
]n"s uncertain attitude operated to hold Hood in check at Florence, where he remained until the 19th; 
then advanced on parallel roads towards "Way neslxiro, and on the 22d drove Hatch from Lawreneebura^. 
General Sehotield prepared to evacuate Palaski and fall Ijack to Columbia. Cai)ron's brigade (jf cavalry 
was at Mount Pleasant, covering the approach from that direction. General iiuger's di\i>ion was 
recalled from Johnson\ille; two bi'igades took i)osition at Columliia, and one brigade was pobted at 
Centreville to guard the line of Duck River. On tlie 23d, General R. S. Granger withdrew tlie garri- 
sons from Decatur, Athens, and Iluntsville, Alabama, and retire<l on Stevenson, sending live regiments 
to Murfreesboro. During tiie nigjit, General Schoiicld c\acuated Pulaski, ami got into jiosition at 
Columlua on the 24th; Johnson ville was also evacuated, tlie troops retiring on Fort l)(iiu-lsi>n, and 
thence to Clarksville. 

The enemy came np and strongly pressed General Schotield's lines at Columliia, threatening to 
cross above and below tiie town. During the night of the 27tli, General Sehotield withdrew to the 
north bank of Duck liiver and took up a new position. Early on the 29th, the enemy effected a 
crossing on the Le\\isburg pike, pressing back Wilson's cavalry ; subse(piently, part of his infantry 
crossed at Huey's Mills, six miles aliove Cohunliia. AH further attempts of the enemy to cross were 
repulsed mth loss. General Stanley was sent to Spring Hill with one division, to cover the trains and 
o]ien the road for the withch-awal of the army to Franklin. He reached Spring Hill in time to sa\-e the 
trains, driving oft' the enemy's cavalry. Subsequently, he was heavily assailed h\ both infantry and 
cavalry, and after a severe contest repulsed the enemy. Giving directions for the withdrawal of the 
troops as soon as covered by darkness. General Sehotield started at a late hour in the afternoon, with 
liuger's division, to the relief of Stanley. Posting a brigade at Spring Hill, he pushed on to Thompson's 
Station, where General linger took possession of the crossroads. The \\ithdi-awal from Columbia was 
safely eitected after dark on the 29th, and on the morning of the 30th, General Sehotield had his whole 
command in position at Franklin, with both ilanlis resting on the river. Works were innnediately 
thrown uj). 

On the evacuation of Columliia, General Milroy was directed to abandon Tullahoma and retire on 
Mm-freesboro ; maintaining the garrison in the blockhouse at -Elk River Bridge. 

On the morning of the 31st, the advance of General A. J. Snn'th's command reached Nashville. 

BATTLE OF FRANKLIN. 

In the retreat to Franklin, the enemy followed closely after General Schofield's rear guai'd, and 
on the arrival of his main force, he formed rapidly and commenced the assault. General Schotield's 
outposts were driven in, creating some confusion, and enabling the enemy to seize a portion of the line; 
it was inmiediately regained by the reserve, and the enemy were rep\dsed at all points. He contimied 
his iissaults with <rreat determination from half-past three p. m. until after dark, and made numerous 
intermittent attacks until alnuit !•> ]i. m., when his efforts ceased. His attack extended along a front 
of about two miles, reaching from General Schotield's left to his right centre ; his two right brigades 
were only slightly engaged. 

A short time before the enemy's infantry attack commenced, his cavtdry forced the passage of the 
Harpeth River thi'ee miles above Franklin, dri\ing back a portion of General Wilson's cavalry ; be, 
however, brought np the rest of his troops, and forced the enemy back across the river. 

General Sehotield lost in the liattle of Franklin: killed, 189; wounded, 1,033; missing, 1,104 ; 
aggregate, 2,326. Among the wounded was Genei'al Stanley. General T. J. Wood ttiok command of 
the 4th Corps. 



3G LEOEND.s (jr jiii: oi-kuations ok 

II.H..1 Inst: killo.l, 1,7.">0; woiimlcd, S.'^dO; niissiiij,', 702 ; ii^'i,'ro;.',itc, C,.,1'y2. Iiirluilwl in the 
cncmv's los8 wvrt' six •.'fiic-ral oIHcits kiili«l, six wniiiidiil, and one fniitnn'<l. Tiiis sijrnal detbat 
decplv depressed the enemy, and General Sehotield withdrew his troops to Nasliville without further 
molestation. 

Commamling Lluitcd .S(a(t:s Furcen — ilujur General J. M. ScnoFiEt.D. 

Coinmandhi'j Corj>K.—^h>.]. Gen. D. S. Stanley,* -ith Corps; Maj. Gen. J. il. S.holield, 2:!d Corj.s; 
Bvt. Maj. Gen. J. II. Wilson, Cavalry Corps. 

Coiniiiiindhig Dirimions. — Brij?. Gen. S. Kimliall, 1st Div., 4th Corps; Bri<;. Gen. G. D. Wairner, 
lM Div., 4th Corps; Bri;;. (4cii. T. J. Wood, 3d Div., 4th Corps; Briir. Gen. T. II. Kuger, 2d i)iv., 
23d Corps; Brig. Gen. J. J), ('^x, -d Div., 23d Corps. 

Cimimuiidiiiff C'tvtdnj. — Briir. Gen. Edward Hattli ; Brig. Gen. II. AV. Johnson ; Brig. Gen. J- 
II. Hammond. 

Covimauding Itcbd Army — General J.vo. 15. II<)(>i>. 

Commandinrj Corps. — Maj. Gen. B. P. Cheatham ; Lieut. Gen; A. P. Stewart ; Lieut. Gen. S. D. 
Ix3e ; Maj. Gen. N. B. Forrest, Cavalry Corps. 

Commanding Divisions. — Maj. Gen. P. K. Chhm-ne, t Maj. Gen. .1. (". I'muii,' Maj. Gen. 
"\V. B. Bate, Clieathanrs Corps ; Maj. Gen. W. W. Loring, Maj. Gen. S. G. French, Maj. Gen. E. C. 
"Waltiiall, Stewart's Corps; Maj. Gen. C. L. Stevenson, Maj. Gen. E. Johnson, Maj. Gen. Clayton, 
Lee's Corps ; Brig. Gen. W. Jackson, Brig. Gen. A. But'ui-.l, Brig. Gen. J. 11. Clialmers, Forrest's Cavalry 
Corps. 

Bv noon of Decemher 1st, General Tiiomas had liis troops in line of liattle in front of Nashville, 
witli General Smith on the right, Genend "Wood in the centre, and General Sehotield on the lett ; the 
cavalry, under General Wilson, on Schotield's left. General Steedman with a coinnumd of .5,000 men, 
composed of detachments, and a colored brigade, arrived at Nashville from Chattanooga. The cavalry 
W!is then posted on the north side of the river at Edgetield, and Steedman's troops occupied the spac-e 
vacated by its withdrawal. On the juorning of the 4th, the enemy had formed his line with his salient 
on the summit of " Montgomery Hill," within six hundred yards of Thoma.s's centre, his main line 
occupying the high ground on the southciusterly side of Brown's Creek, with his right resting on the 
Nolensville Pike, his left behind Richland Creek, resting on the Ilillsboro Pike, with cavalry on both 
flanks extending to the river. 

The blockdiouse at the railroad crossing of Overall's Creek, five miles north of Murfreesboro, was 
attacked on tlie 4th by Bate's rebel division. General Milroy coming up wth troops from Murfrees- 
boro, drove the enemy off. During the 5th, Cth, and 7th, the enemy, with two divisions of infantry 
and 2,500 cavalry, demonstrated heavily against Fortress Rosecrans, at Murtreesboro, garrisoned by 
8,000 men under General Rosseau. On the 8th, General Milroy went out and assailing the enemy 
routed him with loss. The enemy's cavalry then movetl off to Lebanon, threatening to cross the Cum- 
berland River and interrupt General Thomas's communications with Louisville ; the gun boats patrolling 
the river, and a cavalry force sent to Gallatin by General Wilson, thwarted the design of the enemy. 

Hood's position aromid Nashville remained without nuvterial change from the 3d to the 15th. 
Meuiiwhile (tcneral Thomas was preparing to takQ the offensive. 

• Wcmi.l.d. 
t Kill.-(1. 



TIIH ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND 37 

During these operations in Middle Tennessee, the enemy, under Breckinridge, Duke, and Vaughn, 
was operating in the eastern portion of the State against Generals Gillcni and Annnen. On the night 
of November 13tli, Breckiin-idge, with about 3,000 men, attacked and routed General Gillem near 
Morristown, and drove him back to Kno.wdlle. General Stoneman was then ordered to Kuoxville to 
take charge of affairs in that section ; he was directed to concentrate all tlie troops which General Bur- 
bridge coidd bring from Kentucky, with General Gillem's command, at some point in East Tennessee, 
move against Breckinridge and either destroy his force, or drive it from the State ; and then destroy the 
Tennessee and Virginia liailroad as far as he could penetrate into Virginia safely with his command; 
and, if possible, to destroy the Salt Works at Saltville. 

BATTLE OF NASHVILLE. 

On the morning of Dec. 15tli, General Thomas ordered an attack upon the enemy's position. 
General Steedman demonstrated heavily on the enemy's right. Wilson's cavalry made a wide " detour" 
to attain the enemy's left and rear. General A. J. Smith advanced en echelon and struck the rebel left 
in conjunction ^\^th the cavalry movement. General Johnson's cavahy division pressed back the rebel 
cavalry on the extreme right. General Wood, connecting on his right with General Smith, carried 
" Montgomery Hill" by assault. General Schotield, in reserve, moved rapidly to the right of General 
Smith, enabhng the cavalry to operate more freely on the enemy's rear. The whole hne moved for- 
ward ; General Wood forcing the enemy from his intrenched position, while Generals Smith and Scho- 
field, and the dismounted cavalry pressed back the rebel left some miles into the hills. Darkness closed 
the conflict, wliich resulted in the capture of 1,200 prisoners and IG guns, and in forcing the enemy's 
strong defensive line from left to right. 

After nightfall. General Thomas readjusted his line, running parallel to and east of the Ilillsboro 
Pike, Schofield on the right, Smith in the centre, Wood on the left, the cavalry on the right of Schotield, 
Steedman holdiag the position he had gained early in the morning. At six o'clock a. m., on the morn- 
ing of the 16th, General Wood pushed the enemy's advance hne back across the Frankhn Pike into his 
intrenchments on the " Overton Hills." General Smith, connecting with Wood and Schofield, pressed 
the enemy very closely. The first attack on the " Overton Hills" was forced back. General Wilson's 
cavahy then made a " detour" to the Granny-wliite Pike, and attacked the enemy's left and rear vigor- 
onslv. Generals Smith and Schofield carried the rebel works in their respective fronts, and the whole 
line advanced, assaidting the enemy's intrenchments and routing him at all points, with a loss of 3,262 
prisoners and 37 guns. 

Commanding United States Forces — Maj. Gen. Georc;e H. Thomas. 

Commanding Corj^s.—Bvv^. Gen. T. J.Wood, 4th Corps; Maj. Gen. J. M. Schofield, 23d Corps; 
Commanding Detachment of the Army of the Tennessee, Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith; Commanding Pro- 
visional Detachment, Maj. Gen. J. B. Steedman; B'vt Maj. Gen. J. H. Wilson, Cavalry Corps. 

Commanding 1st I)ivisio7is.— Brig. Gen. N. Kimball, ith Corps; Detachment of the Army 
of the Tennessee, Brig. Gen. McArthur; Provisional Division, Brig Gen. C. Cruft ; Brig. Gen. J. T. 
Croxton, one brigade of Cavalry. 

Commandiiig 'Id Divisions.— Brig. Gen. W. L. Elliott, 4th Corps; Maj. Gen. D. M. Conch, 23d 
Corps; Detachment of the Army of the Tennessee, Brig. Gen. K. Garrard; Brig. Gen. J. F. Miller, 
Garrison of Nashville. 

Cotnmanding 3d Divisions.— Brier. Gen. S. Beatty, -Ith Corps; Brig. Gen. J. I^. Cox, 23d Corps; 
Detachment of the Army of the Teimessee, Colonel J. B. ]\[oore ; Quartermasters Div., Brig. Gen. J, 
L.Donaldson; Colonel Thompson, Colored Brigade; Brig. Gen. Ew'd Hatch, Cavalry Corps; Brig. 
Gen. R. W. Johnson, Cavalry Corps; Brig. Gen. J. T. Knipc, Cavalry Corps. 



38 LlCfiEXDS OK THE OPKIiATIONS OK 

Commanding liehel Annij — CTL-iieral Jiio. 15. IIood. • 

Commanding Corps. — Miij. (ieii. \^. V. Clieatliain; Lieut. Goii. A. I'. Sttwart ; Litiit. (tcii. S. D. 
I.OC-; Maj. Gen. N..B. Forrest, Cavalry Corps. 

Cinninandintj JJiviidons. — Colcjncl C. S. llurt,* Brij^. (tpii. J. A. Smitli.t Maj. (ieii. AV. I!. 
Bate, Clieatliain'rt Corps ; Gen. W. Jackson, Cavalry Corps. Maj. Gen. W. W. Lorin;;, Maj. Gen. 
S. G Freniii, Maj. Gen. E. C. Walthall, Stewart's Curjis ; I'rij^. Gen. A. Buf'ord, Cavalry Corps. 
Maj. Gen. C. L. Stevenson, Maj. Gen. E. Johnson, JIaj. (ien. Claytun, Lee's Corps ; Brig. (Ten. J. 
II. Chalmers, Cavalry Coq)s. 

General Thomas continued the pursuit of the enemy early on the 17th. Wood piished on toward 
Franklin by the direct pike, while the cavalry moved by the Granny-white Pike to its intersection with 
the Franklin Bike, and then ti)ok tlie advance. Johnson's division of cavalry moved on the Ilillsboro 
Pike to the Uarpetii River, with directions to cross and move rapidly towards Franklin. The main 
cavalry colunm struck the enemy's rear guard, strongly posted at Hollosv Tree Gap, four miles north of 
Franklin, the position was charged in front and flank sinndtaneously ; the enemy was routed with a 
loss of 41.'} in prisoners. lie then fell back rapidly to Franklin, and endeavored to defend the crossing of 
tiie Ilarpeth. Johnson coming uj) on the south side, forced him from the river bank, and the cavalry 
occupied the town, capturing over '2,000 wounded. Wilson continued the pursuit towards Columbia, 
coming up witli the enemy's rear guard five miles Soutli ot' l'"iHiiklin ; tlie oneiiiy was dis[iersed with the 
loss of his artillery. 

Darkness coming on enabled many to escape and closed the days operations. General Wood 
followed in the rear of the cavalry, Steedman in rear of Wood. The bridges over the Ilarpeth 
having been destroyed, and the river not l>eing fordable for infantry, Wood's and Steedman's commands 
bivouacked on the north bank while a bridge could be built. Gens. Smith and Schotield marched on 
the Granny-white Pike, and camped at its intersection witii the Franklin Pike. On the ISth, Wilson 
pushed on to Kutherford's Creek, three miles from Columbia, but could not cross on account of the high 
water ; Wood closed up with the cavalry. A pontoon bridge, luistily constructed at Nashville, was on 
its way to the front, its arrival being retarded by the bad condition of the roads. The pontoon train 
properly belonging to General Thomas's command, with its corps of pontonniers, was absent with 
General Sherman. During the 19th, Gens. Smith's and Scofield's conmiands crossed the Ilarpeth 
River, Smith advancing to Spring Ilill, while Schotield encamped at Franklin. On the 20th, General 
Hatch constnicted a floating bridge across Rutherford's Creek, and pushed for Columbia. The enemy had 
cros.sed Duck River and removed his pontoon bridge. During the day General Wood improvised afoot 
bridge over Rutherford's Creek. The pontoon train coming up on the 21st, a bridge was laid over 
Rutherford's Creek, and General Smith crossed his command. A bridge was then constructed over 
Duck River, and Wood crossed on the 22d. General Wilson having crossed Duck River pushed on 
nt'ter the enemy, supported by Wood, and came up with him just south of L>nmville, and also at Buford's 
Station; the enemy was speedily dislodged at both places. The advance was so rapid as to prevent the 
destruction of the bridges over Riddand Ci-eek. On tlie 25111, the enemy, with Wilson's cavalry at his 
heels, evacuated Pulaski an<l was pursiinl lowuni Lamb's Ferry. Harrison's brigade came up with him, 
strongly intreiiclied, at the head of a dee<j> ru\ iiie ; after an obstinate resistance he was dislodged. Wood's 
corps kept well cU)sed up with the cavalry, reaching Lexington, Ala., on the 28th; on which day 
(Jeneral Thomas, having ascertained that the enemy had crossed the Tennessee River at Bainbridge, 
ceased ])ursuit. 

Dm-ing the foregoing operations General Smith's command liad readied Pulaski, wliile General 
Schotield remained at Columbia. 

* Cnptiirod. 

t Brig. Gen. M. V. Lowrry comiimiult't! (liviHion on tlu* lOtli. 



THE AKMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 39 

GENERAL STEEDMAN'S OPERATIONS TO CUT OFF HOOD'S RETREAT. 

Ou his arrival at Franklin on the 18th, General Thomas directeil General Steedmaii to move with 
his command across the country to Murfreeslioro, and thence by rail to Decatur, Ala., (iciieral Granger 
with his force joining him at Stevenson. Gen. Steedman was instructed to reoccujiy tiie places in 
Northern Alal)ama evacuated on Hood's advance, then cross the Tennessee River and threaten the 
enemy's railroad communications west of Florence. Decatur was reoccupied on the 27th, hut the 
enemy having crossed the Tennessee River, no movement was made on his railroad communications. 
However, Colonel W. J. Palmer, 15th Pa. Cav., with a cavalry forc^e of 600 men, was sent in pursuit 
of Hood's train. Pressing back Roddy's rebel cavalry, near Leighton, Colonel Palmer moved toward 
Columbus, Miss., and. captured and destroyed Hood's pontoon train ten miles from Russellville. Pushing 
on toward Aberdeen, Miss., he captured and burned a large supply train, just over the line in Mississippi. 
Eeturning via Toll Gate, Ala., and on the old Military and Haclcljeriy roads, he met the enemy, under 
Roddy, BitHes, and Russell, near Russellville and along Bear Creek, while another force under Armstrong 
was reported in pursuit. Under cover of the darkness Colonel Palmer evaded the forces in his front 
and pushed for Moulton ; meeting the enemy near Thorn Hill, he attacked and routed him, and arrived 
safely at Decatur on the 6th of January. 

GENERAL STONEMAN'S OPERATIONS IX EAST TENNESSEE AND VIRGINIA. 

During the active operations of the main army in Middle Tennessee, General Stoneman having 
concentrated the commands of Gens. Gillem and Burl)ridge at Bean's Station, in East Tennessee, 
moved on the 12th of December for Bristol; his advance, imder Gillem, struck the enemy, \mder Duke, 
opposite Kingsport, chsjjei-sing his command and capturing SI prisoners. General Burbridge pushed 
on and captured Bristol and Abingdon with 277 prisoners, and destroyed five loaded railroad trains, 
and large quantities of stores, Arc. General Stoneman then threatened the Salt works with one brigade 
and pushed Gillem on to Marion, where he attacked and routed the rebel General Vaughn on the 
morning of the 16th, capturing all of his artillery and 198 prisoners, and pursuing the remainder of the 
enemy to Wytheville, which placci lie captured about dark. General Stoneman moved up to Moimt 
Airy with Burbridge's command, and sent Colonel Buckley with a brigade to destroy the Lead mines, 
about twenty-eight miles southeast, which he successfully accomplished. General Gillem, having 
destroyed "Wytheville and the large quantities of stores collected there, and the railroad for several miles 
east, rejoined General Stoneman at Mount Airy on the 17th, when the whole command returned to 
capture the Salt works. General Burliridge, who was in advance, struck the enemy under Breckinridge 
strongly posted near Marion ; brisk skirmishing was kept up all day, and the enemy sliowing strong 
resistance, the next morning General Gillem moved around his left to cut him otf from the Salt works, 
while Burljridge kept up sharp skirmishing in his front; during the night Breckim-idge withdrew and 
escaped into North Carolina. Genei-al Stoneman then moved on and captured the Salt works without 
very serious resistance, destroyhig the l)uild!ngs, wells, pumps, macliine^ry, kettles, and materials of all 
kinds. The object of the expedition having been accomplished. General Burl)ridge returned to Ken- 
tucky, and General Stoneman, with Gillem's command, returned to Knoxville. 

GENERAL McCOOK'S OPERATIONS AGAINST THE REBEL GENERAL LYON. 

General Hood, while investing Nashville, sent a cavalry force under General Lyon into Kentucky 
to operate on the Louis\ille railroad; General Thomas detached General McCook's cavalry divisioli and 
sent it in pursuit of Lyon. McCook attacked and routed a part of Lyon's forces at Hopkinsville, Ky., 
when Lyon connnenced a hasty retreat. Colonel LaGrangc's brigade, (;oming up with Lyon near 
Greensburg ; attacked and routed him ; Lyons succeeded, by making a wide "detour" via Elizabethtown 
and Glasgow^, in crossing Cumlierland River at Burksville, from whence he moved, via McMinnville and 



■10 LKOKXDS OF TllK OI'KKATIONS OF 

Wincliestcr, Tc'iiii., tn Liirkiiis\illo, Aluhama. On tin- Intli of .liiiiuarv, Lv"" attai-keil tla- little fjar- 
risoii at Scott,-! luro anil was rt-piiiseil; lit- succL-edt'd in crossinj; tliu Teniii-sseo liiver witli a reiiiiiaiit of 
liiri loiuiimnd. Colonel W. J. Palmer, with one liumlretl ami Kfty men, cros.seil the river at Paint Koek 
and |>ui-sued him to near lied Hill, on tiie AVarrenton and Tuscaloosia rojid, at which plaee he was siir- 
j)rised and ea]itiired with one liundreil of his men, together with tlieir horses and one guu. Lvon siih- 
setjiiently made liis escajie. 



DISPOSITION OF TKooPS. 

Alter the escape of Iloud with his defeated and shattered arm}' across the Tennessee Kiver, 
General Thomas eonecntrated his forces as follows : Generals Smith's and Wilson's commands at East- 
jport. Miss., and General Wood's corps at Hnntsville, Alabama. General Sehofield's corps remained 
at Columbia. General Johnson's cavalry division W!is 6ubse(piently directed to return to PuliKki, Tenn., 
for local operations. 

On the 2d of Jamiary, 1865, General Schofield started from Columljia with his corps, and moved, 
via Mt. Pleasant, Ilenrvville, anil Waynesboro, to Clifton, on the Tennessee Ilivcr. On the 14th, he 
was ordered to embark his corps and proceed to Annapolis, ilaryland, via the Tennessee and Ohio Rivers. 

On the 2-ltli, General McCook's Cavalry division arrived at Waterloo Landing, having marched 
from Kentucky after driving the rebel General L^'ou's eomniandfrom the State. About the same time 
General Long's division arrived, having marched from Louisville, Ky., and soon after General Winslow's 
l>rigade arrived by steamers from the same place. The cavalry corps was cantoned sus follows: Long's, 
Ujiton's, and Hatch's divisions, and Hammond's brigade of Knipe's division, at Gravelly Springs, and 
Mf'Cook's division at Waterloo ; a j)art of Knipe's division was at Nashville remoimting. While the 
cavalry eoii>s was in cantonment, a thorough system of drill and discipline was instituted. 

On the 2!)tli, General Thomas received orders to send General A. J. Smith's corps, and five thou- 
sand cavalry, to re-enforce General Canby at New Orleans, Louisiana; General Knipe's division of 
cavalry wa-s selected. These troops embarked respectively at Eastport and Waterloo on the Cth of 
February, and proceeded by river to their destination. That portion of Knipe's divisii>n at Nash- 
ville embarked on the 12th, and followed by river. 

On the I-Jlst, General Staidey, having sutHciently recovered from his wound re<'eivcd at Franklin, 
Tenn., resumed the command of his corps at Iluntsville, Ala. On the 12th of Mair.h he was directed 
to move with his corps, by rail, into East Tennessee, to give protection to the railroad then being rebuilt. 
General Kimball's division started on the 13th, disembarking at Strawberry Plains; General Wood's 
division followed, and took post at New Market. Colonel Kirhy's brigade of Kimball's division moved 
to Bull's (lap on the 2-lth, giving protection to the construc-tion corps. On the '>k\ of April he moved 
with his brigade on an expedition up the French Broad River, demonstrating toward Ashville, North 
Carolina, for the pm-pose of creating a diversion in favor of General Stoncman, who was operating in 
that State. Colonel Kirby found Asliville too strongly defended to be carried l»y assaidt, and he returned 
with his command into East Temiessee. On the 4th, Wooil's division moved to Greenville, Beatty's 
brigade going to Jonesboro, and ]>rotecting the railroad to tlie Watauga River. On the ISfh, General 
Stanley was directed to concentrate his command at Nasliville, Tenn., where it went into camp. On 
the 2(lth of May, he was ordered to hold his connnanil in readiness to move to New Orleans, Louisiana, 
and report to Maj. Gen. Sheridan. Tlie last of his command Ictl Nashville on tiie IStli of June; he 
moved, via the Nashville and Nortli Western railroad, to Johnsonville, on the Tennessee River, and 
from tlicncc. ]>y transports, to New Orleans. 



THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 41 

BREVET MAJOR GENERAL J. H. WILSON'S CAVALRY CAMPAIGN IN THE 
STATES OF ALABAMA AND GEORGIA. 

Pursuant to instructions received from Maj. Gen. George II. Thomas, General Wilson, with Long's, 
Upton's, and McCook's cavalry divisions, moved from Chickasaw Landing, March 22d, 1865, on an 
ex]iedition for the captm-e of Selma, Alabama, and other important pla(!es held by the enemy. The 
different lines of march are correctly indicated on the maj). At Elyton, General Croxton's brigade oi 
McCook's division was detached for the purpose of capturing Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and did not again 
join the maiu column until after its arrival at Macon, Ga. In the region of Montevallo, General Upton 
destroyed the Eed Mountain, Central, Bibb, and Columbiana Iron Works, Cahawba Rolling Mills, five 
collieries, and other valuable ])roperty. At Kandoliili, General McCook was detached, with LaGrange's 
brigade, for the relief of Croxton ; l)nt lioing unable to reach him, he rejoined the main column at Selma 
on the 5th of April. On the 1st i^if April, the enemy, under Forrest, were met in force at Ebenezer 
Church, six miles north of Plantersville ; Long and Upton attacked him, and after a sliarji tight of an 
horn-, drove him from the field in confusion. On the 2d of April, Wilson, with Long's and LTpton's 
divisions, captured Selma, Alabama, a strongly fortified city, by assault. Long's division leading. The 
fruits of the victory were twenty^even lumdred prisoners, thirty-one tield pieces, one thirty pounder 
Parrot, and innacnse quantities of stores. The arsenals, founderies, and stores were destroyed. The 
enemy had previously burned 27,000 bales of cotton. 

A bridge eight hundi-ed and seventy feet long was constructed, and by daylight of the 10th, the 
conuuand was across the Alabama River. Montgomery was reached on the I2th, and was surrendered 
by the Mayor, ■u'ith five guns and large quantities of small arras and stores, which were destroyed. 
The enemy had previously destroj'ed 90,000 bales of cotton. Major Wiston made a rapid march 
toward Wetumpka, and captured fi\'e loaded steamboats, which were destroyed. On the 1-itli, the 
march was resumed on the Columbus road. At Tuskegee, Colonel LaGrange's brigade was detached 
to make a rapid movement on AVest Point, destroying the railroad as he advanced. The main colunm 
continued on the Columbus road, arriving' in front of the enemy's works on the evening of the IGtli. 
General Upton carried the works by night assault, and took possession of Columbus, capturing 1,200 
prisoners, and 52 field guns in position ; he destroyed the rebel ram Jackson, mounting six seven-inch 
gims, 15 locomotives, 250 cars, the railroad and foot bridge, 115,000 bales of cotton, 4 cotton factories, 
the navy yard, foundry, armory, sword and pistol factory, accoutrement shops, 3 paper mills, 100,000 
rounds of artillery ammunition, and vast quantities of stores. The rebels burned the gun-boat Cliatta- 
lioocliie twelve miles below Columbus. 

Colonel LaGrange reached West Point on the IGth, and carried Fort Tyler, covering the railroad 
bridge across the Cliattahoochie River, by assault, capturing the entire garrison, 205 men in all, three 
guns and five hundred stand of arms, and destroying two bridges, nineteen locomotives, and two hun- 
dred and forty-five loaded cars. On the 17th, LaGrange resumed his march toward Macon. On the 
same day Minty's (Long's) tlivision moved from Columbus toward Macon, followed by the rest of the 
command on the 18th. The cohunn arrived at Macon on the 20th, and received the surrender of the 
place. Further operations were susjiended, in com]>liance with the armistice entered into l)etween 
Generals Sherman and Johnson. LaGrange rejoined the main colunm soon after his arrival at Macon, 
and on the 31st, General Croxton arrived, having acted independently since his separation from the main 
column at Elyton, on the 30th of March. He captured Tuscahiosa and Talladega, destroying the 
Military Institute, bridge, and public works at the former place, and the iron works and factories in 
Northern Alabama and Georgia. 

General Wilson's command marched an average of 525 miles in twenty-eight days. Captured 
5 fortified cities, 23 stand of colors, 288 pieces artillery, 6,820 prisoners, and destroyed a vast amount 
6 



42 LEGEXIJS or THE OrERATIONS OF 

<»l'|iiil.lic |«n>|>i-rty <>f all kiiulri. Goiieriil WUpdii lost : Killol — Otticors, 13; Enlisted men, 8G ; Total, 
yj ; Woiuiikd — OtKi-ers*., 39; Enliisted men, 559; Total, 598 ; Mis>*ing — OtKeers, 7 ; Enli.steil men, 
21 ; Total, 2S ; Aggrejjate, 725. 

Commanding Cuvah'y Corj)8. — Bvt. Maj. Gen. .1. 11. Wilson. 

Commandhuj Divisions. — Brig. Gen. E. M. MeCook, 1st Divi.sion; Brig. Gen. Eli Long, 
2tl Division ; Bvt. Maj. Gen. E. Upton, 4tli Division. 

Commanding 1st Urigadcs — Brig. Gen. John T. Croxton, 1st Division ; Colonel A. O. Miller, 
2d Division; Bvt. Brig. Gen. E. F. Win.slow, 4th Division. 

Commanding 2d Jirigades — Colonel O. li. LaGniiige, 1st Division ; Colonel R. II. G. Miiity, 
2d Division ; Bvt. Brig. Gen. Alexander, 4tli Division. 



M \,ln|; i;K\i:imI. V,m\{{\K STONEMATS CAVALUV l-:\l'i: IHTIOX. 1\ THE 
MONTHS (IF MAKCII AND AI'IHL. M,.>. 

In complianee with instructions received from General Thomas, General Stonenian concentrated 
General Gillem's cavalry division, consisting of Colonel's Palmer's, Miller's, and Bro\m's brigades, at 
Mossy Creek, East Tennessee, on the 22d of March, 1S(!5. He moved thence, via Morristown, to Bull's 
Gap, where he divided his forces, sending Colonel Miller's brigade on the Sna])ps Ferry road, and 
marching with the rest of his command directly on Jonesboro'. The whole command then moved up 
the Watauga lliver Valley to Boone, where the advance skirmished with a small force of the enemy; 
and from thence, in two colunms, via Deep and Watauga Gaps, to Wilksboro, ^orth Carolina, where 
the advance again skirmished with the enemy, driving him from town. Continuing his march. General 
Stonenian crosseil the Yadkin River at Jone.sville, on the 2d of April, and from thence moved to 
Cranberry Plain, or Ilillsville, Virginia, from whence he sent Colonel !ft[iller to Wytheville, to destroy 
the railroad in that vicinity, and with the main force moved on Jacksonville, skirmishing with the 
enemy at the crossing of Big Reed Island Creek. From Jacksonville, Major Wagner advanced on 
Salem, and ])roceeding thence east along the railroad, destroyed it to within a few miles of Lynchburg, 
Virginia. General Stoneman advanced on Christiansburg, and sending his ti'oops east and west, 
destroyed the railroad for about ninety miles, after which he returned to Jacksonville. Sending Colonel 
Palmer to Martinsville, Virginia, he moved, with the remainder of the force with him, on Tayloi-s\-ille, 
where he wiis joined by Colonel Miller, from Wytheville, who had skirmished severely with the enemy 
at that i)oint. On the 9th General Stoneman arrived at Danville, where Colonel Pidmer rejoined, and 
the whole (command moved to Germantown. Several hundrc<l negi'oes having joined the colunm were 
sent back into East Temiessee from this point. From Germantown, Colonel Palmer was sent to destroy 
the railroad l)etween Salisi)ury anil Greensboro', and the factories at Salem. The nuiin column moved 
on Salisl)ury, forcing the psissagc of the Yadkin at Iluntsvillo on the 11th, and skirmishing with the 
enemy near Moeksville. liarly on tlie 12th General Stoneman advanced on Salisbury, and after a 
severe tight captured the place with twelve hundred prisoners, eighteen guns, ten thousand small arms, 
and vast ipnuitities of stores of all kinds. Colonel Palmer rejoined at Salisbury, having destroyed the 
railroad between Sidisbury anil Greensboro', and the factories at Salem, and captured four hundred 
prisoners. 

After destroying the small arms, munitions, and stores, and the railruad in the vicinity of Salisbury, 
General Stoneman marched to Statesville, from whence he sent Colonel Painitr to l.incolnton, to watch 
the line of the Catawba, moving with the rest of his command to Lenoir. 

From Lenoir General Stoneman returned to East Temiessee, leaving General Gillem in coninuiiul 
of the troops in the field. The prisoners and captui'ed artillery were also sent to East Tennessee from 



■» . 



THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND 43 

this point. General Gillem moved from Lenoir to Morgantown, forcing tlie passage of the Catawl^a, 
and capturing fifty prisoners and one gun. On the 17th lie moved toward Ashville, via Swananoa Gap. 
Finding the Gap strongly defended, he left Colonel Miller's brigade to threaten it in front, and with 
Colonel Brown's brigade moved to Rutherfordtown, and passed the Blue Ridge at Howard's Gap 
with but slight resistance, his advance entering Hendersouville at daylight on the 23d. The enemy had 
just left with four pieces of artillery, and a detachment was sent in i)ursuit, which overtook the enemy 
within about ten miles of Ashville, capturing his artillery. Colonel Palmer moved fi-om Lincolnton to 
Rutherfordtown. General Gillem moved from Hendersouville toward Ashville, but when near that 
place he was met by a flag of truce and informed of the armistice entered into between Generals 
Sherman and Johnson. He then peaceably entered Ashville, where he was joined by Colonel Miller's 
brigade. From Ashville General Gillem returned, in person, to East Tennessee, aiid the whole division 
was ordered to follow, but the order was sulisequently changed, and the division, under the connnand 
of Bvt. Bi'ig. Gen. W. J. Palmer, was sent into South Carolina and Georgia in pursuit of Jeff. Davis. 
Generals Stoneman and Gillem captured six thousand prisoners, and twenty -five pieces of artillci-y 
taken in action, and twenty-one abandoned by the enemj-. Immense quantities of property of all kinds 
belonging to the Rebel Government were destroyed. 



PURSUIT AND CAPTURE OF JEFFERSON DAVIS, PRESIDENT OF THE 

REBEL GOVERNMENT. 

After the surrender of General Johnson and his army to General Sherman, Jefferson Dans, 
President of the Rebel Government, and other rebel officials, sought to escape punishment by flight. 

In compliance with instructions received from the Secretary of War, General Thomas, on the 27th 
of April, 1865, directed his caN-alry conmianders, operating in the States of North Carohna, South 
Carohna, Georgia, and Alabama, to take measures to secure their a[)prehension. 

Bvt. Brig. Gen. W. J. Palmer, temporarily commanding the ca\-ah-y division of East Tennessee 
in the absence of General Gillem, was in the vicinity of Cowjiens Battlefield, South Carohna, with 
the first brigade of his division, when he received the orders, April 29th, to pursue Jeff. Davis and 
party. The other two brigades of his division, under the command of Bvt. Brig. Gen. Brown, were 
moving- South from Ashville, North Carohna, toward Antlerson, South Carolina. 

Jeff'. Davis and party, with a consideral)le amount of treasure and. a large escort, had left Charlotte, 
North Carohna, upon the termination of the armistice, and passing through Yorkville, South Carolina, 
were moving toward Abbeville ; the advance of the escort having two days the start of General Palmer. 
Learning these facts, and there being several rivers to cross on the way to Georgia, where small 
parties could successfully chspute his advance, while Davis and ]iarty pusiied on westward, General 
Palmer determined to move with his main force, via Spartansl)urg and Golden Grove, to the head of 
the Savannah River, sending out detachments to ascertain the movements of Davis. Concentrating his 
di\'ision at Centertown, General Brown having moved down from Ashville, General Palmer crossed the 
Savannah RiveP at Hatton's Ford, and marched in two columns on Athens, Georgia, arriving there with 
his entu'e command May 4. From Athens, General Palmer sent out scouts and detachments in various 
directions, and picketed the cross roads, and the fords and ferries on the Savannah, Broad, and Oconee 
Rivers — he also cut the railroad between Aiigusta and Atlanta, to prevent Davis' escape by rail. 

From Abbeville Davis moved to Vienna, where he left his large es<!ort, which subsequently 
surrendered at various points, and crossing the Sa\aimah River on tlie 3d of May, with an escort of 
tliirtj'-tive men, under General Duke, he moved, via Washington, ti) Greensl)oro', and thence south 
toward Dublin. 

Forage becoming scarce in the licit of cuuntrv occupicil by his cDuuuand, and lieing satisfied tliat 



44 LEGENDS OF llIK rd'EIJATlO.N.S OF 

Davis ami jiarty liu'l puit- suiilliwanl, for tin- |uiri>ose of jiassiiif^ around Maoon, CJuneral Palmer sent 
Gi-iitral Urown, with tlit- 2il ami otl lirij;aiks, liack to tlie lim- of the SavaiiiiiJi, to {^lard the fi>nis ami 
ferries t'njin l)of)h-'fi Ferrv mirtli\var<l to Knox's Bridge, witli instnictioiis to arrest all parties nf armed 
rebels, and when fi>ra};e liecame seanu alonj^ that line, to move with liutii luigades to Grcejiville, South 
CiU-olina, and await orders to return to East Tenneasce. Siniultaiieously witli General Brown's return 
movement, (ieneral Palmer, with the 1st lirigadt, in three columns, moved across the helt of country 
exhausted in tlie Atlanta c-ampaign, and placed liis conunand west of the Coosa River, ami guarded the 
line of tiiat stream from AVills' Valley southward to AVilsonville, on tiie Taliu<lega and Sclma railroad. 

In conjunction with the al)ove detailed movements, JJvt. Maj. Gen. J. 11. Wilson, commanding the 
cavalry corps at Macon, Georgia, distrili\ited liis forces for the caj>ture of Jett". Davis, as follows: General 
l^pton, connnanding the Fourth division, moved witli a suuill detatchment of iiis division hy rail from 
Macon, via Atlanta, to Augusta; detatchmeiits of the Fourtii division were also spnt from Atlanta l>y 
rail to Ncwinui and West Point. General Alexander's brigade of Upton's division occupied the 
country from Atlanta to the Etowah, scouting well to the cast. Lieutenant Poe, of General Alexander's 
staff, obtained tlie first autlicntic infornuition of Jeli'. Davis' movements about Greensboro'. General 
Winsluw's Ijrigatle, of General Upton's division, guarded the line of the Ocmulgee from Atlanta to the 
mouth of Yellow Iliver, looking well to the front. General Croxton, with most of General McCook's 
(First) division, held the line of the Ocnuilgee from the moutli of Yellow River to Macon. On the 
Oth of May he sent Lt. Col. Ilarndcn, with a detachment of the Fii-st ANIsconsin Cavalry, to the south- 
east to find the trail of Davis aiul party, with instructions to follow and cai)ture them. Colonel Minty, 
commanding the Second division, picketed the line of the.Ocimdgee from Macon to Hawkinsville, and 
the line of the Flint from the Muscogee and Macon railroad to Albanv, and sent detachments to 
Cuthlicrt and C^>lumbus. On the 7th he directed Lt. Col. Pritchard, commanding the 4th Michigan 
Cavalry, to move with his regiment toward Spaulding, and if Jett". Davis and party had (-rossed the 
Ocuudgce, to pursue and captiu-c them: otlierwise to picket the Ocmulgee from llawkinsville to the 
mouth of the Oconee. General McCook, with five hundred men of his division, had previously gone 
to Tallahassee, Florida, to receive the surrender of the rebel troops in that State. A portion of his 
conunand held the line of Flint River from Albany to its mouth. 

Thus General Wilson's troops occupied almost a continuous line from the Etowah River to Talla- 
hassee, Florida, and the mouth of the Flint, with patrols through all of the country to the northward 
and ea.stward, and small deta<'hments at the raiboad stations in the rear of the line. 

In comi>liance with orders, Lt. Col. Uarnden moved from Macon with a detachment of the 1st 
Wisconsin Cavalry, arriving at Dublin on the evening of the 7th. Learning that a train of light 
wagons and ambulances, with a small escort, had crossed the Oconee at that point during the day, aiul 
that Jeff. Davis and wife were with the train, Colonel Uarnden pushed on in pursuit to Abbeville, 
where he arrived on the Oth. Davis aiul party had left that place about 1 a ni., taking the L-winvillo 
road. Colonel Uarnden seiit forward his conunand in pursuit, and went in person to meet Lt. Col. 
Pritchard, w^ho was ailvancing on the llawkinsville road; having informed Lt. Col. Pritchard of the 
movements of Davis, he rejoined his conunand, and continued the juirsuit until 9 p m., when being 
convinced that Davis and i>arty were near at hand, and fearing to attemi>t their captmv in the darkness, 
lest some of flii-m might escape, he went into camp. The next morning. May 10, 1^ continued the 
pursuit, and after marching about a mile, his advance guard was halted and fircil upon. ISupposing the 
opposing force to be a rebel picket, he deployed his conunand and drove it back, cajituring a prisoner, 
who proved to belong to Lt. Vol Pritchard's regiment. Firing then ceased. Lt. Col. Pritchard, after 
parting with Colonel llarndcu, near Abbeville, had selected the best mounted men of his conunand, 
ami i>u.-hing rapiilly forward by a route to tiic left of that traversed by Colonel Uarnden, had arrived 
at Irwinvillc about 2 a m., and finding that Davis :md party were in camp about a mile to the north, he 
sent a small disnuumted party arouiul to their rear, and surroumlcd and eai>turcd Davis and party. 



THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 45 

The skirinish occurred between Colonel Harnden's command and the dismounted detachment 
sent around to Davis' rear by Lt. Col. Pritchard. It resulted in the loss of two men killed, and one 
officer wounded of the -ith Michigan Cavalry, and three men severely and several slightly wounded in 
the 1st Wisconsin Cavalry. 

After the capture of Da\is and party, Lt. Cols. Ilarnden and Pritcliard returned vnth their com- 
mands to Macon, where the most of General Wilson's command was soon concentrated, preparatory to 
being mustered out of service. 

General Palmer's command was withdrawn from the line of the Coosa; tlie 15th Pennsylvania 
('avalry, lOtli Michigan Cavalry, and 12th Ohio Cavalry marcliing respectively to Iluntsville, Larkins- 
ville, and Stevenson, Ala. 




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